NC State Extension Publications

Introduction

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Recently, several new initiatives in forest carbon markets have emerged simplifying the carbon project development process, criteria, and financial requirements. This short note provides a snapshot of the major forest carbon market developers in the United States with their features and requirements.

Forest carbon projects are measured in metric tons of carbon-dioxide equivalent, also known as an offset, and designed to augment carbon sequestration, or the rate of carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. Offset projects, including forest carbon projects, must meet established standards to be registered in a public, independent registry. The projects are then monitored and verified to account for actual additional carbon, which acts as the basis for compensation to project owners. The private project developers play a vital role in connecting the buyers and sellers, as well as assisting those looking to participate in carbon offset projects. More specifically, project developers aid in performing feasibility (or validation) studies of potential carbon projects. Eligible carbon projects must include forest management activities that sequester additional, permanent GHG emissions and prevent leakage of GHG emissions to outside the project area. More details on forest carbon projects and markets are available at An Introduction to Forest Carbon Offset Markets.

The figure below outlines the common agents involved in forest carbon markets.

graphic of common agents involved in forest carbon markets

Forest carbon market developers in the United States.

Main Features of the Forest Carbon Developers

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We found six major forest carbon project developers actively working in the forest carbon space lately. We have listed their main characteristics, fees, and other requirements in the table below.

Project Developer

American Forestry Foundation and The Nature Conservancy

Bluesource

EP Carbon

Finite Carbon

Forest Carbon Works

Natural Capital Exchange

Program

Family Forest Carbon

Forest Carbon and Working Woodlands

Forest Carbon

Forest and CORE Carbon

Forest Carbon

Forest Carbon

Registry

Verra

CR, ACR, Verra

GS Impact Registry, CR, ACR, Verra

CR, ACR, Verra

CR, ACR, Verra

N/A

Market

Voluntary

Voluntary and Compliance

Voluntary and Compliance

Voluntary and Compliance

Voluntary and Compliance

Voluntary

Project

Growing Mature Forests, Enhancing Future Forests

AC, IFM, A/R

AC, IFM, A/R

AC, IFM, A/R

AC, IFM, A/R

Harvest Deferral

Minimum Acres

30

3,000 (Forest Carbon) and 2,000 (Working Woodlands)

Unknown

40 (CORE Carbon)

40

None

Contract Duration

10 or 20 years

40 years (voluntary) and 100 years (compliance)

Unknown

Unknown

125 years

1 year

Fee

Potentially for forester

Yes (with restrictions)

Unknown

Unknown

$75 application fee

No

Region

Pennsylvania (International pending review)

North America

International

North America

Lower 48 states (US)

Lower 48 states (US)

Harvesting Permitted

Yes (with restrictions)

Yes (with restrictions)

Yes

Yes

Yes, after the first 6-year period

No

Authors

Research Associate
Forestry & Environmental Resources
Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist, Forest Economics
Forestry & Environmental Resources

Find more information at the following NC State Extension websites:

Publication date: July 23, 2021

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