photographs of a purple coneflower plant in summer and winter showing old stems from the previous season and stems to be trimmed

Figure 3. A plant undergoing the recommended stem trimming cycle, as seen in summer (A), winter before trimming (B), and winter after trimming (C). Solid ovals indicate the current year’s stems, which do not yet contain bees. Dashed ovals indicate the previous year’s stems, which could contain bees and are left undisturbed.

photographs of a purple coneflower plant in summer and winter showing old stems from the previous season and stems to be trimmed

Elsa Youngsteadt (summer), Heather Frantz (winter) CC BY-NC-SA 4.0