Introduction
Unlike fire ants (Solenopsis spp.), nuisance ants (Family: Formicidae) are not typically pests in managed turfgrass but can become an issue when they are prone to inhabiting the same area from year-to-year.
Description
Formica ants are comprised of three species: Formica integra (red wood ants), Formica subsericea, and Formica exectoides (Allegheny mound ant). F. integra are a red two-tone color, often the abdomen is much darker than the thorax. F. integra feeds on other arthropods like sawfly larvae, bark beetles, termites, honey bees and tends aphids, psyllids and scale insects for honeydew. F. subsericea are all black and also feed and tend to other insects. F. exectoides are red-black ants that are prevalent in the eastern United States.
Pest Status
Formica ants can be pests of open, sunny areas, constructing mounds that can disrupt the turf surface. To keep shade off the mound, ants will severely damage nearby vegetation.
Biology
Ants are social insects that construct colonies, or nests, when temperatures are not too hot (spring and fall). Similar to fire ants, formica ants are more prevalent in areas with higher soil temperatures, near sidewalks, concrete slabs, pavement or in areas with direct sunlight and bare soil. A colony generally consists of an egg-laying queen, males, immatures (eggs, larvae and pupae) and sterile, female workers. The queen lays eggs which are tended and fed by worker ants. In the spring and fall, colonies produced winged ants that leave the colony, mate and seek new nesting sites.
Damage
Although formica ants do not present a human health hazard like fire ants, they are considered a nuisance pest. Worker ants can infest buildings in large numbers in search of food for the growing colony. The construction of nests results in large mounds, particularly large with F. exectoides, that are unsightly and will often damage mowing equipment.
Control
Cultural Control
Ants serve a useful role in the ecosystem so the presence of ants in turf is not always a negative thing. However, frequent disruption of a mound by digging or flooding with a garden hose may not kill the colony, but could cause the mound to relocate to a less objectionable location. Reducing the amount of available food (pet food, fruit, bird feeders) and eliminating moist wood or debris from an area can help discourage ant colony establishment.
Biological Control
No biological control option
Chemical Control
If chemical control is necessary, carbaryl (Sevin) or pyrethroids can be used for control. For Formica integra located next to a structure, a gel bait containing fipronil may be used. Bait stations should be used in places where pets may have access. If you wish to use a bait, it should be one listed for sweet-loving ants and tested for attractiveness. Fire ant baits will not be attractive to these ants. Aloft™ is a good general nuisance ant product for professionals. For additional chemical choices, see the NC Agricultural Chemicals Manual.
Insecticide and Formulation | Amount per 1,000 sq ft | Precaution and Remarks |
---|---|---|
bifenthrin* (Menace, Talstar, others) F, GC; G form also available | 0.5 to 1 fl oz | Use GC formulation for golf courses. |
carbaryl* (Sevin) 80 WSP | 1 to 1.5 oz | |
chlorpyrifos* (Dursban) 2E, 4E, 2G, 50 WP, Pro | See label | For use on golf courses. See new label. |
chlothianidin + bifenthrin (Aloft) GC SC LC SC GC G LC G | See label 0.27 to 0.44 fl oz 0.27 to 0.54 fl oz 1.8 to 3.6 lb 1.8 to 3.6 lb | |
cyfluthrin (Tempo 2) | 0.143 fl oz | Home lawns only. |
cypermethrin* (Demon) TC | See label | |
deltamethrin (Deltagard) G | 2 to 3 lb/1,000 ft | |
fipronil 0.0143 G | See label | |
hydramethylnon* (Maxforce G, Amdro) | See label | |
lambda-cyhalothrin* (Battle, Scimitar, Cyonara) | See label | Do not make applications within 20 feet of any body of water. No reentry until spray has dried. |
References
- 2018 Pest Control for Professional Turfgrass Managers. Bowman, D. et al. 2017. NC State Extension Publication AG-408. 81 pp.
- Extension Plant Pathology Publications and Factsheets
- Horticultural Science Publications
- North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual
For assistance with a specific problem, contact your local Cooperative Extension Center
Publication date: Oct. 25, 2017
Recommendations for the use of agricultural chemicals are included in this publication as a convenience to the reader. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial products or services in this publication does not imply endorsement by NC State University or N.C. A&T State University nor discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. Individuals who use agricultural chemicals are responsible for ensuring that the intended use complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure to obtain current information about usage regulations and examine a current product label before applying any chemical. For assistance, contact your local N.C. Cooperative Extension county center.
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