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Let’s Talk About Genetic Engineering: A Guide to Understanding Genetic Engineering and its Applications in Food, Agriculture, and the Environment

By: Khara Grieger, Nick Loschin, Katie Barnhill, Fred Gould

This publication explains genetic engineering and its use in food, agriculture, and the environment. It answers key questions about genetic engineering, including its definition, applications, safety, ethical issues, and related regulations. The publication also discusses potential risks and concludes with resources for more information.

Phorid Flies

By: Sydney Crawley, Matt Bertone

Phorid flies are small flies that breed in moist, decaying organic matter and can be a problem in and around homes. This factsheet covers their identification, biology, habits, management and control.

2024 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual

By: College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

This manual, updated every year, covers pesticide use and safety information, chemical application equipment, fertilizer use, insect control, chemical weed control, plant growth regulators, animal damage control and disease control.

Pond Management Guide

By: Jim Rice, J.M. Fisk, K. Hining, Robert Richardson, Skip Thompson

This guide summarizes the basic principles of managing recreational ponds and the requirements for producing and maintaining high-quality fishing in a pond. Its purpose is to help the reader develop an effective pond management plan.

Sales Tax: Exemptions for Farm Product Sales

By: Robert Andrew Branan, JD Farm Law for Operators and Landowners

Sales Taxes are reportable on the sale of many goods and services. Such taxes also become an expense when purchasing inputs for business and personal use. In North Carolina, agricultural products and the purchase of inputs enjoy various exemptions. However, such exemptions have their limit, and it is important to understand when a particular product fails to meet the exemption. Likewise - regarding exemption from sales tax on inputs - North Carolina producers need to be aware of income maintenance requirements for the exemption. For farm operations, most products sold from the farmer direct-to-buyer are exempt from sales taxes, in that the customer neither pays the tax nor the farm operator is required to remit the tax. However, a change in the nature of the farm product sold and where it is sold in combination with other products may trigger a sales tax requirement. Also, if the farmer loses their status as producer of the item sold and is considered a retailer of the item, exemptions are lost. This short paper seeks to clarify the line of when a farmer must remit sales tax for products sold, as well as the responsibilities of farmers and specialty markets.

Screw Functionality and Screw Profile Design for Extrusion Processing

By: Debomitra Dey, Michael Joseph

Extrusion processing is a versatile technology utilized by industries such as rubber, plastics, metal, foods, and feeds. The success of extrusion processing lies in a carefully designed screw profile/configuration. Often challenging and complex, this publication intends to explain screw geometry and mixing concepts.

Lease Considerations for Landowners and Farmers

By: Robert Andrew Branan Farm Law for Operators and Landowners

This publication covers the basics of leasing land for farming operations, from both a landowner and tenant perspective.

Guide to Understanding and Addressing PFAS in our Communities

By: Khara Grieger, Katlyn May

This FactSheet provides a guide to understanding and addressing PFAS in our communities, which may be helpful for Extension agents, community members, and others who are interested in learning more about PFAS and their potential impacts.

Precision Agriculture Technology: Choosing a UAV and Sensor for Agricultural Applications

By: Jason Ward, Ryan Phillips, Enrique Pena Martinez, Sierra Young, Gary Roberson

This publication provides information about unmanned aerial vehicles and what to consider when choosing a drone for precision agriculture applications. Topics include restrictions, definitions, needs assessment, equipment options, and information processing.

The Role of Preconditioning in Food and Feed Extrusion

By: Michael Joseph

This Q&A factsheets answers several questions about the preconditioning process in food and feed extrusion.

Fish Feed Production: Pellet Mill Vs. Extrusion

By: Michael Joseph

Formulated fish feeds are the most cost-effective way to provide a balanced nutrition for aquacultured fishes. This factsheet compares the pellet mill and extrusion methods for fish feed production.

Challenges of By-product Utilization in Animal Feeds

By: Michael Joseph, Steven Hall

This factsheet provides an overview of the use of by-products in animal feeds and outlines several challenges to incorporating them to the fullest potential.

Getting Data from the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Using R

By: Sheila Saia, Natalie Nelson, Jason Ward

This publication provides information and guidance on using computer code to access the National Agricultural Statistics Service's survey data to view data from multiple years, crops, and other categories.

Precision Agriculture Technology: How to Become a Commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Pilot

By: Gary Roberson

This publication discusses flying unmanned aerial vehicles (drones, model aircraft) for commercial purposes. You'll learn about the requirements becoming a commercial UAV pilot and how to obtain a remote pilot certificate.

Nowcasting and Forecasting Coliform Bacteria Contamination in Coastal Systems

By: Megan Carr, Natalie Nelson, Shelia Saia, Sierra Young, Steven Hall

This publication discusses the challenges of accurately testing for fecal coliform bacteria in coastal waters. It includes information about fecal coliform bacteria and how they affect coast systems and provides options for sampling and computer modeling methods that help growers, regulators, and coastal communities make decisions about coastal activities.

Visitor Profiles Inform the Development of Oyster Tourism in North Carolina

By: Whitney Knollenberg, Ph.D., Emily Yeager, Ph.D., Carla Barbieri, Jane Harrison, Ph.D.

This publication summarizes research about the potential of oysters to become part of the North Carolina tourism industry.

Shellfish Leases and Harvest Closures Along the North Carolina Coast

By: Sheila Saia, Natalie Nelson, Sierra Young, Steven Hall

This publication discusses the practice of leasing estuarine waters on the North Carolina coast for shellfish mariculture. It covers how shellfish are grown in North Carolina, how shellfish leases work, what constitutes a shellfish growing area and shellfish harvest closure, and the process for reopening after a closure.

The Use of Uncrewed Vehicles in Coastal Aquaculture

By: Edwin "Russell" Smith V, Sierra Young, Steven Hall

Uncrewed vehicles are simply vehicles that operate without a human operator aboard. They can either be autonomous or remotely operated. This factsheet will introduce you to the many different types of uncrewed vehicles that are being used in the sky, on the ground, or in the water.

Supporting Cyanobacterial Bloom Monitoring with Satellite Imagery

By: Natalie Von Tress, Natalie Nelson, Sierra Young

This publication provides an overview of how satellite remote sensing can be used to help monitor algal blooms in bodies of water. It also explains some of the limitations of using satellite imagery for this purpose.