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8. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

By: Steven Frank, Lucy Bradley, Kathleen Moore

This integrated pest management (IPM) chapter from the Extension Gardener Handbook familiarizes readers with a systematic approach to managing insect and animal garden pests in an environmentally responsible manner.

Controlling Millipedes In and Around Homes

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Household Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses the life cycle, habits, and management of millipedes in and around homes and other buildings.

Early Blight of Tomato

By: Inga Meadows Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This factsheet describes early blight of tomato, including identification, transmission and disease management, and control.

Biology and Control of Non-Biting Aquatic Midges

By: Michael Waldvogel, Charles Apperson, Stephen Bambara Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses identifying aquatic midges and how to control them.

Let’s Talk About Genetic Engineering: A Guide to Understanding Genetic Engineering and its Applications in Food, Agriculture, and the Environment

By: Khara Grieger, Nick Loschin, Katie Barnhill, Fred Gould

This publication explains genetic engineering and its use in food, agriculture, and the environment. It answers key questions about genetic engineering, including its definition, applications, safety, ethical issues, and related regulations. The publication also discusses potential risks and concludes with resources for more information.

Are There Alternatives to Glyphosate for Weed Control in Landscapes?

By: Joe Neal, Andrew Senesac

Many landscape maintenance professionals have grown reliant on glyphosate for weed control. Landscape weed control without glyphosate is certainly possible but will require more planning, careful consideration of alternative treatments, more frequent site visits, and higher costs. This publication discusses alternative treatments, their properties, uses and limitations.

Tomato Late Blight

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo, Inga Meadows Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of tomato late blight.

Termites - Biology and Control

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Wood-Damaging Pests

This publication discusses the biology, behavior, and control of termites.

Mites That "Bug" People

By: Michael Waldvogel, Matt Bertone, Charles Apperson Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses different mite pests whose biting and bloodsucking behavior may cause discomfort or allergic reactions to their hosts (domestic animals and people).

2024 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual

By: College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

This manual, updated every year, covers pesticide use and safety information, chemical application equipment, fertilizer use, insect control, chemical weed control, plant growth regulators, animal damage control and disease control.

4. Insects

By: Hannah Burrack, Matt Bertone

This insects chapter from the Extension Gardener Handbook will teach readers to identify insects, understand the value of insects in the garden, and recognize damage caused by insects. Guidance on minimizing insect damage is available in the integrated pest management chapter.

Phorid Flies

By: Sydney Crawley, Matt Bertone

Phorid flies are small flies that breed in moist, decaying organic matter and can be a problem in and around homes. This factsheet covers their identification, biology, habits, management and control.

Pesticide Applicator Certification and Licensing

By: Wayne Buhler

To apply restricted-use pesticides to agricultural commodities, you must be certified or be supervised by someone who is certified. Anyone who accepts compensation for applying any pesticide on someone else's property must be licensed. This factsheet covers certification and licensing for private and commercial pesticide applicators in North Carolina.

Scorpions in North Carolina

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, John Vining, Christopher Hayes Biting and Stinging Pests

This factsheet covers the type of scorpions found in North Carolina and measures to take to control them, both indoors and outdoors.

Milkweed Bug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, and provides residential management recommendations.

Fusarium Wilt of Tomato

By: Cecelia Stokes, Inga Meadows Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This disease factsheet describes Fusarium wilt of tomato. Symptoms, pathogen, environmental conditions, and management are included.

Emerald Ash Borer

By: Kelly Oten, Ryan Bohannon Invasive Forest Pests

This factsheet offers information on the biology and management of the emerald ash borer, an invasive pest of ash trees in North Carolina.

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

By: Leighann Murray, Ella Reeves, Inga Meadows Plant Disease Factsheets

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a viral disease of tomato that has limited distribution in the United States. TYLCV can cause devastating losses to tomato growers once established in the production site. This viral disease can also be found in temperate, tropical, and sub-tropical regions of the world. TYLCV is transmitted by adult whiteflies and is difficult to control once introduced to an area.

Frequently Asked Questions About Head Lice

By: Sydney Crawley, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Biting and Stinging Pests

This factsheet will review common questions and answers about head lice.

Kudzu Bugs - A Nuisance and Agricultural Pest

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Household Pests

This Entomology Insect Note describes the identification, biology, behavior and control of the kudzu bug.

Mealybugs

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of mealybugs, an insect pest of greenhouse, nursery and landscape plants.

Pests of Beans and Peas

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect bean and pea production.

Spiders in and Around Homes

By: Michael Waldvogel, Charles Apperson Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses identifying spiders and how to control them indoors.

Armored Scale Identification and Management on Ornamental Plants

By: Steven Frank Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note discusses how to identify and manage common armored scale insects that feed on ornamental plants in landscapes and nurseries.

Pests of Tomato

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect tomatoes.

Yellow and Black Flat Millipede

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the yellow and black flat millipede, Apheloria tigana.

North Carolina Production Guide for Smaller Orchard Plantings

By: Nicholas Basinger, Janet Owle, Abbey Piner, Michael Parker

North Carolina’s climate and soils are well suited to grow many types tree fruits. This publication will focus on the three main tree fruits produced for market in North Carolina: peaches, apples, and pecans. In addition to these main crops, information on pears, persimmons, plums, nectarines, Asian pears, and figs is presented as they grow well in North Carolina’s temperate climate. These tree fruits require similar management regimes described in this publication.

Common Pantry Pests and their Management

By: Sydney Crawley, Matt Bertone

Grain products and other foodstuffs kept in kitchen cabinets, pantries, or storage areas can arrive infested or become infested with insects and other arthropods. These food thieves are colloquially referred to as “pantry pests'' since they invade foods that are frequently stored in the pantry. Most human food products, and even pet or wild animal foods, are susceptible to damage by stored product pests. Beetles (Order: Coleoptera) and moths (Order: Lepidoptera) are the most important insect groups responsible for contamination of foodstuffs in the United States, so we will focus on these groups for this fact sheet.

Africanized Honey Bees: Prevention and Control

By: David Tarpy, Jennifer Keller Africanized Honey Bees

This factsheet provides basic information about prevention and control of Africanized honey bees prior to their expected arrival in North Carolina. (Part 2 of a 3-part series.)

Callery Pear: 'Bradford' and Other Varieties and Their Invasive Progeny

By: Courtney Johnson, Kelly Oten Invasive Forest Pests

This factsheet identifies several varieties of the ornamental Callery Pear tree and their impacts on native ecosystems.

Japanese Stiltgrass Identification and Management

By: Joe Neal, Caren A. Judge Horticulture Information Leaflets

Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Identification and Management: Brief Description: Japanese stiltgrass (also known as annual jewgrass, bamboograss flexible sesagrass, Japanese grass, Mary’s grass, microstegium, Nepal microstegium, or Vietnamese grass) is a summer annual commonly found in shady, moist areas, and is spreading rapidly in woodlands as well as shaded landscapes and low maintenance turf throughout the southeastern U.S., Mid-Atlantic States and north to New England. Japanese stiltgrass germinates in early spring, several weeks before crabgrass, yet flowers and seeds much later, from mid-September through October. It has broader, shorter leaves than most other annual grasses; somewhat resembling broadleaf signalgrass or spreading dayflower. After frost, the foliage and wiry stems turn a distinctive light tan in color and persist through the winter. Vegetative identification characteristics include: rolled vernation, a very short membranous ligule, and leaf blades that are shorter and broader than most other grasses.

Disease Management and Guidelines for the Honey Bee

By: David Tarpy, Jennifer Keller

It is the goal of every beekeeper to maintain healthy, productive colonies. This can only be accomplished by reducing the frequency and prevalence of disease within beehives. The following is an outline of recommendations for detecting and treating colonies for economically important parasites and pathogens of honey bees so that beekeepers may achieve this goal, and do so in a sustainable way for the long-term health of their colonies.

Cucurbit Downy Mildew

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of cucurbit downy mildew.

Tips for Effective Ant Baiting

By: Patricia Alder, Michael Waldvogel, Christopher Hayes Household Pests

This Entomology Insect Note offers tips for baiting ants in an around homes.

Preparing Your House for Bedbug Treatments

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses the steps to take before a pest management company arrives to treat your home for bedbugs.

Tips for Preventing the Spread of Bed Bugs

By: Sydney Crawley, Christopher C. Hayes Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note provides tips on preventing the spread of bedbugs.

Pudrición gomosa del tallo en cucurbitáceas

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Hoja informativa de patógenos de vegetales

Esta Hoja de Datos de Patología Vegetal fue publicada en inglés en 2015 por la Dra. Lina Quesada, Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal de la NCSU. Traducido y revisado al español por: Angela Linares-Ramírez Catedrática Auxiliar, UPRM Fecha de traducción al español: 23 de marzo de 2017

Biology and Control of Carpenter Ants

By: Sydney Crawley, Christopher C. Hayes Wood-Damaging Pests

This publication offers information on the biology of carpenter ants, how to prevent a carpenter ant problem, and how to correct an existing infestation.

Fungus Gnats Indoors

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Sydney Crawley, Christopher Hayes Household Pests

This Entomology Insect Note provides information on the identification and control of fungus gnats in the household.

Pests of Okra

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect okra.

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus on Tomato and Pepper

By: Andy Cooper, Inga Meadows Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an important pathogen that causes disease in numerous crops, especially tomatoes and peppers. Resistance-breaking variants of TSWV were discovered in NC on tomato varieties with the Sw-5 resistance gene during the summer of 2022. Given that host resistance is currently the most effective management strategy of TSWV, these strains pose a great threat to tomato production in the coming years. This article will focus on TSWV identification and management strategies for tomatoes and peppers.

Red Imported Fire Ant in North Carolina

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Biting and Stinging Pests

This publication discusses the biology and spread of fire ants and the various methods that can be used to control them.

Sooty Molds

By: Steven Frank, Stephen Bambara, R. K. Jones, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of sooty molds, fungi that grow microscopic threads that form easily visible black spots on many plants.

Termites - Baiting Systems

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Wood-Damaging Pests

This publication explains how termite baits work as an alternative to using conventional liquid treatments to the soil around a building.

Citrus Mealybug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri, and provides residential management recommendations.

Black Shank of Tobacco

By: Daisy Ahumada Tobacco Disease Information

Black shank is an economically important disease of tobacco that threatens production in North Carolina. This factsheet provides information about the causal organism (Phytophthora nicotianae) and its management.

Camel Crickets

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder | Entomology & Plant Pathology Alder, Christopher Hayes Household Pests

This Entomology Insect Note describes how to control camel crickets if they become an indoor pest.

Pests of Potato

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect potatoes.

Neopestalotiopsis Leaf, Fruit, and Crown Rot of Strawberry

By: Bill Cline, Swarna Moparthi, Mark Hoffmann

Neopestalotiopsis leaf, fruit, and crown rot is an important emerging fungal disease of strawberry that can affect every part of the plant (crown, roots, leaves, fruit). The pathogen is thought to be introduced via infected planting stock. The emergence of Neopestalotiopsis, especially the aggressive forms, has resulted in significant crop loss throughout the southeastern US. This publication outlines the disease cycle and best management practices for growers.

Controlling English Ivy in Urban Landscapes

By: Joe Neal

English ivy (Hedera helix) is a shade-tolerant, woody perennial vine. When established it creates a dense ground cover with attractive dark green foliage. But, left un-checked this introduced plant invades woodlands, climbs (and kills) trees and is considered an invasive species. Pursuing the internet you can find several “recommendations” for controlling English Ivy. Some good, some are questionable. This publication describes cultural and chemical control options.

Drain Flies

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Household Pests

This Entomology Insect Note describes how to identify and control drain flies, a common nuisance in and around homes and commercial buildings.

Managing Varroa Mites in Honey Bee Colonies

By: John Ambrose, David Tarpy, Joshua Summers

The varroa mite (Varroa destructor) is the most serious pest of honey bee colonies worldwide. This parasite was first detected in North Carolina in 1990, having been introduced to the US only three years earlier. Virtually all feral (or “wild”) honey bee colonies have been wiped out from these mites, and beekeepers continue to struggle with varroa infestations in their hives.

Non-Honey Bee Stinging Insects in North Carolina

By: David Tarpy, Joseph Flowers, Michael Waldvogel

This article describes and defines the different types of insects that sting and are also often mistaken for honey bees.

Gummy Stem Blight of Cucurbits

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of Gummy Stem Blight.

Catalpa Worm or Catalpa Sphinx

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the catalpa worm or catawba worm or catalpa sphinx, Ceratomia catalpae.

Marchitez de Fusarium en sandía

By: Nathan Miller, Lina Quesada-Ocampo Hoja informativa de patógenos de vegetales

Esta Hoja de Datos de Patología Vegetal fue publicada en inglés en 2015 por la Dra. Lina Quesada, Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal de la NCSU. La Dra. Angela M. Linares Ramírez, de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, tradujo la hoja informativa al español en 2017.

Pests of Lettuce

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect eggplant.

Peanut Leaf Spots

By: Barbara Shew

This factsheet covers the signs, symptoms, and control of early leaf spot in peanuts in North Carolina.

Eastern Leaf-footed Bug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of bugs in the genus Leptoglossus, called leaf-footed bugs, which are common pests in the vegetable garden.

Fishing Spiders and Wolf Spiders

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes Fishing spiders (genus Dolomedes), and wolf spiders (genus Lycosa).

Appendix B. Pesticides and Pesticide Safety

By: Wayne Buhler, Steven Frank

This appendix from the Extension Gardener Handbook will help readers to understand the impact of pesticides on our environment, know when to use a pesticide, how to read its label, and how to apply it safely and to understand the signal words and their associated levels of toxicity.

Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases

By: Michael Waldvogel, Charles Apperson Biting and Stinging Pests

This publication will help you identify the several species of ticks found in North Carolina and the diseases they transmit. It also describes chemical and non-chemical ways you can protect yourself from ticks outdoors and control ticks in and around your home.

A Guide to House-Invading Ants and Their Control

By: Patricia Alder, Michael Waldvogel, Christopher Hayes Household Pests

Ants are probably the most common insect pests that invade our homes and become an extreme nuisance. Controlling ants can be difficult and frustrating at times but will more likely succeed if you have a basic understanding of ant behavior and some specific information about the particular ant species you have infesting your home.

17. Organic Gardening

By: Aimee Colf, Lucy Bradley, Frank Louws, David Orr

This organic gardening chapter from the Extension Gardener Handbook provides systematic approach to fertilization, soil, and pest management that views a garden as a working ecosystem.

Pests of Sweetpotato

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect sweetpotatoes.

European Hornets

By: Michael Waldvogel, Stephen Bambara, Matt Bertone Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses the behavior and control of European hornets.

La Antracnosis de las Cucurbitáceas

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Hoja informativa de patógenos de vegetales

Esta Hoja de Datos de Patología Vegetal fue publicada en inglés en 2013 por la Dra. Lina Quesada, Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal de la NCSU. La Dra. Angela M. Linares Ramírez, de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, tradujo la hoja informativa al español en 2017.

Banded Woollybear / Isabella Moth

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the banded woollybear, Pyrrharctia isabella, the caterpillar of the Isabella moth.

Africanized Honey Bees: Where Are They Now, and When Will They Arrive in North Carolina?

By: David Tarpy, Jennifer Keller Africanized Honey Bees

This factsheet outlines the history, movement, distribution, and present status of the Africanized honey bee in the United States. (Part 1 of a 3-part series)

Black Flies and Their Control

By: Charles Apperson, Michael Waldvogel Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses identifying black flies and how to control them.

Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of Fusarium wilt of watermelon.

Flower Thrips in Strawberries

By: Hannah Burrack, Aurora Teonnisson

This factsheet describes the biology and management of thrips in strawberries.

Ambrosia Beetle Pests of Nursery and Landscape Trees

By: Steven Frank, Stephen Bambara, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the granulate (Asian) ambrosia beetle, an insect pest of woody ornamental, fruit, and nut trees throughout North Carolina.

Pests of Carrots

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect carrots.

Anthracnose of Pepper

By: Cecelia Stokes, Inga Meadows Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of anthracnose of pepper.

Mosquito Control for Rainwater Harvesting Systems

By: Bill Hunt, Kathy Gee Urban Waterways

This publication discusses ways in which mosquitoes could become a problem for rainwater harvesting systems and provides solutions and preventative measures to protect cisterns, rain barrels, and other rainwater collection systems from becoming havens for mosquitoes.

Potato Late Blight

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of potato late blight.

Tersa Sphinx

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the tersa sphinx moth, Xylophanes tersa., and provides residential management recommendations.

Homeowner’s Guide to Managing Diseases Using Fungicides, Bactericides, and Alternative Products

By: Ella Reeves, Inga Meadows

This publication provides homeowners with recommended chemical control options to use in combination with an integrated management plan for managing common diseases in the landscape or garden.

Pests of Sweet Corn

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect sweet corn.

Carpenter Bees

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses the biology and control of carpenter bees, which bore tunnels in wood with their strong jaws.

Cucurbit Powdery Mildew

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This factsheet discusses the identification and control of cucurbit powdery mildew.

Soybean Cyst Nematode

By: Adrienne Gorny, LeAnn Lux Soybean Disease Information

Soybean cyst nematode limits yields in every major soybean production region worldwide. This disease note describes SCN in North Carolina and its management.

Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle in the Landscape

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the multi-colored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis, and provides residential management recommendations.

American Dagger Moth

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the American dagger moth, Acronicta americana, and provides residential management recommendations.

Corn Rusts: Common and Southern Rust

By: Daisy Ahumada Corn Disease Information

Common and southern corn rusts may affect corn in North Carolina. Management for each is specific to the rust, and proper identification is necessary to determine the appropriate tools to use.

Pests of Crucifers

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect crucifers.

Biting Midges and Their Control

By: Charles Apperson, Michael Waldvogel Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses the biology and control of midges, biting pests prominent along the coast of North Carolina.

Insect and Disease Control of Fruits

By: Jim Walgenbach, Sara Villani, Steven Frank, Dominic Reisig, Katie Jennings, Bill Cline, Meredith Favre, Dave Ritchie

This publication covers insect and disease control in apples, blueberries, caneberries, grapes, peaches, pecans and strawberries.

Pests of Eggplant

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect eggplant.

Bagworms in Ornamental Landscapes

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of bagworms, a common ornamental plant pest.

Black Rot of Brassicas

By: Cecelia Stokes, Inga Meadows Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This publication discusses symptoms and signs of black rot disease of Brassicas. The publication includes disease management practices for both conventional and organic growers.

Biology and Control of Fleas

By: Christopher Hayes, Patricia Alder Biting and Stinging Pests

A factsheet discussing the basics of flea biology, health risks posed by fleas in North Carolina, signs of infestation, and recommended steps for prevention and control.

Black Vine Weevil

By: Steven Frank, Stephen Bambara, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the black vine weevil, an insect that stunts and kills plants by feeding on the roots.

Black Rot of Sweetpotato

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of black rot in sweetpotatoes.

Pests of Asparagus

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the publication Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests in asparagus production.

Paper Wasp Swarming Around Structures

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Stephen Bambara, Christopher Hayes Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note discusses the behavior and control of paper wasps during times of swarming.

Horticultural Oils for Ornamental Plants

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This factsheet covers the use of horticultural oils to control insects on plants in North Carolina.

Phytophthora Blight of Peppers

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of Phytophthora blight of peppers.

2024 Cotton Information

By: Keith L. Edmisten, Daisy Ahumada, Charles W. Cahoon, Guy D. Collins, Jeffrey H. Dorfman, Luke Gatiboni, Adrienne Gorny, Anders Huseth, Dominic Reisig, Rachel Atwell Vann, Derek Washburn, David H. Hardy

2024 Cotton Information is meant to help growers plan for the coming year and make management decisions based on the unique opportunities and challenges the year might bring.

Hop Downy Mildew

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of hop downy mildew.

Bedbugs - Biology and Control

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Charles Apperson, Christopher Hayes Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses identifying bedbugs and how to control them in households.

Yellowjackets in the Landscape

By: Steven Frank, James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of yellowjackets— small, social wasps that often nest near or in landscapes.

Crowned Slug Caterpillar

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the crowned slug caterpillar, Isa textula.

Precision Agriculture Technology: Choosing a UAV and Sensor for Agricultural Applications

By: Jason Ward, Ryan Phillips, Enrique Pena Martinez, Sierra Young, Gary Roberson

This publication provides information about unmanned aerial vehicles and what to consider when choosing a drone for precision agriculture applications. Topics include restrictions, definitions, needs assessment, equipment options, and information processing.

Barnacle Scale

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the barnacle scale, Ceroplastes cirripediformis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Elm Zigzag Sawfly

By: Kelly Oten, Matt Bertone, Delaney Serpan Invasive Forest Pests

The elm zigzag sawfly is an invasive species first reported in North America in 2020. This fact sheet details what is known about its biology, identification, and management.

Greenhouse Weed Control

By: Joe Neal Horticulture Information Leaflets

This publication discusses a number of options that are available to the greenhouse manager for controlling weeds such as creeping woodsorrel, hairy bittercress, spotted spurge, and others. Not only are these persistent problems in greenhouses but they detract from the perceived quality of plants produced, and also are known to harbor insects, such as whitefly and thrips, and other pests such as mites, slugs and snails.

Earwigs

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Household Pests

This Entomology Insect Note offers information on how to identify and control earwigs in the household.

Postemergence Grass Control in Landscapes and Nurseries

By: Joe Neal

Annual and perennial grasses can be selectively controlled in most broadleaf crops and landscapes using postemergence herbicides that control only grasses -- chemicals often referred to as “postemergence graminicides”. There are four graminicides labeled for use in horticultural crops – fenoxaprop, fluazifop-p, sethoxydim and clethodim. Each graminicide is systemic (translocated) and has short-term soil residual (about 2 weeks). Although each herbicide kills grasses in the same way (acting upon the same site of action), they differ in their effectiveness on grass weeds, safety on crops, and labeled uses.

Giant Willow Aphid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the giant willow aphid, Tuberolachnus salignus, one of the most common aphid pests of willow.

Beech Blight Aphid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the beech blight aphid, Grylloprociphilus imbricator, and provides residential management recommendations.

Pests of Cucurbits

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect cucurbits.

Collar Rot and Alternaria Stem Canker of Tomato

By: Amanda Scherer, Inga Meadows Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable disease factsheet discusses collar rot and Alternaria stem canker of tomato, which are caused by different species of fungi belonging to the genus Alternaria. Both pathogens can cause large, irregularly shaped stem lesions with pronounced concentric rings. However, the concentric rings may not always be pronounced with collar rot.

Bacterial Blight of Cotton

By: Daisy Ahumada Cotton Disease Information

This factsheet describes bacterial blight of cotton, including identification and disease management.

Garden millipede in the Landscape

PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Garden millipede, Oxidus gracilis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Caterpillars Found on Flowers and Foliage

This factsheet, part of Insect and Related Pests of Flowers and Foliage Plants, discusses identifying different caterpillars and moths in commercial garden and plant production.

Silverfish and Firebrats

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Household Pests

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology, behavior and management of silverfish infestations.

Appendix C. Diagnostic Tables

This appendix from the Extension Gardener Handbook includes tables to help gardeners identify common problems and management strategies for fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants.

Botrytis Gray Mold of Tomato

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of Botrytis gray mold of tomatoes.

Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This publication includes a key to identifying insects that can affect vegetable production. Asparagus, beans and peas, carrots, crucifers, cucurbits, eggplant, lettuce, okra, onions, peppers, potatoes, sweet corn, sweetpotatoes, and tomatoes are covered specifically.

Corn Ear Rots: Managing Mold and Mycotoxins

By: Daisy Ahumada Corn Disease Information

Corn ear rot is a disease of corn caused by various types of fungi, including Fusarium spp. , Aspergillus spp. Penicillium spp., and Stenocarpella maydis (Diplodia Ear Rot). Ear rot diseases in corn are characterized by the molding and decay of corn ears. Environmental conditions, the susceptibility of the variety to disease, and previous disease populations in the field contribute to the emergence of corn ear rot and the severity of corn yield loss.

Southern Purple Mint Moth

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the southern purple mint moth, Pyrausta laticlavia, and provides residential management recommendations.

Imperial Moth

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Imperial moth, Eacles imperialis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Soft Scale Identification and Management on Ornamental Plants

By: Steven Frank Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes common aspects of biology and management of soft scale insects on ornamental plants in landscapes and nurseries with summaries of several example species.

Anthracnose of Cucurbits

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of anthracnose in cucurbits.

Lady Beetles

By: Jim Walgenbach, Stephen Schoof

Lady beetle description, life cycle, and predation.

Controlling Paper Wasps in and Around Structures

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Stephen Bambara, Christopher Hayes Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note describes the behavior and control of paper wasps, which typically construct honeycomb-like cells under eaves and overhangs.

Tips on Selecting Pest Control Services

By: Sydney Crawley, Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes

Choosing a pest management professional can be overwhelming, especially when an online search provides an increasing number of options. In this publication, we will provide advice to help you select a reputable pest control company in the event that you should ever need one.

Common Disease Pests of Maple in North Carolina

By: Rebecca Eshleman, Kelly Oten

This factsheet provides brief descriptions of common disease pests of maple (Acer spp.) in North Carolina. Pest descriptions are brief but provide links for readers to learn more.

Detachable Woolly Leaf Gall Wasp

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the detachable woolly leaf gall wasp, Andricus quercuslanigera, and provides residential management recommendations.

The Ground Beetles of Eastern North Carolina Agriculture

By: David Orr, Geoff Balme, Aaron Fox Ground Beetles of North Carolina

This publication provides a quick guide to the various ground beetles that inhabit agricultural fields of the piedmont and eastern North Carolina. It offers Extension personnel, consultants, growers, scientists, and the general public an introduction to the identification and life histories of our most abundant ground beetles. We focus on adult beetles only, because they are much easier to collect and recognize than are larvae. Reference material is provided at the end of the article for those who are interested in learning more.

Balsam Woolly Adelgid

By: Jill Sidebottom Christmas Tree Notes

This publication describes the lifecycle, scouting and treatment of the balsam wooly adelgid, a tiny, soft-bodied insect, which appears when adult as a white, woolly spot on true firs. Author: Jill Sidebottom Update: Jamie Bookwalter

Black Root Rot on Ornamental Plants

By: Inga Meadows, Cecelia Stokes Ornamental Disease Information

Black root rot impacts a range of woody and herbaceous ornamental plant species primarily in greenhouse ornamental plant production, but also in home and commercial landscapes and nurseries. This disease causes decay of the root system and leads to yellowing, wilting, and necrosis of foliage. It is widely distributed and has been described on approximately 30 plant families in many parts of the world. Some of the most frequently impacted ornamentals are pansy, viola, Calibrachoa, annual vinca (periwinkle), Salvia, petunia, Persian cyclamen, snapdragon, Begonia, Verbena, Phlox, and Gerbera daisy. In addition to ornamental plants, some vegetable and other agricultural crops are also susceptible to infection.

Jumping Worms

By: Matt Bertone

This factsheet covers the description, biology, and management of the jumping earthworm, a common pest in North Carolina gardening.

Southern Blight of Tomato and Pepper

By: Inga Meadows, Amanda Scherer, Michelle Henson Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This plant disease fact sheet discusses southern blight, a soil-borne fungus that attacks tomatoes and peppers, and several other economically important crops, including beans, cantaloupe, carrots, peppers, potatoes, sweet potato, and watermelon.

Granulate (Asian) Ambrosia Beetle

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara, Kenneth Sorensen Entomology Insect Notes

This insect note describes the biology of the Granulate (Asian) Ambrosia Beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and provides management recommendations.

Pendulum, Aquacap, Corral (pendimethalin)

By: Joe Neal Herbicide Information Factsheets

This pesticide factsheet covers the use and characteristics of Pendulum, Aquacap, Corral (pendimethalin).

Mosquito Control Around Homes and in Communities

By: Sydney Crawley Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note addresses mosquito biology and how to control mosquitoes around homes and in communities.

Sweetpotato Scurf

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This factsheet describes the identification and management of sweetpotato scurf.

Pine Bark Beetles

By: Kelly Oten

This fact sheet discusses the three most common pine bark beetles in North Carolina and their impacts, identification, and management.

Rosy Wolf Snail

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This PDIC factsheet describes the biology and management of the rosy wolf snail, Euglandina rosea.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled Robotic Weeders in Precision Agriculture

By: Lirong Xiang

This publication provides an introduction to AI-enabled robotic weeders, their benefits to society, and how this technology can be used in North Carolina's agriculture sector.

Western Flower Thrips

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the western flower thrip, an insect pest of plants that can also transmit tomato spotted wilt virus and impatiens necrotic spot virus.

Cicada Killer Wasp

By: Steven Frank, Elsa Youngsteadt Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the cicada killer wasp, a beneficial insect that can also be a pest of lawns and turfgrass.

Darkwinged Fungus Gnats

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes darkwinged fungus gnats, an insect pest of some field crops, shrubs, and houseplants.

Citrus Whitefly

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri, an insect pest of citrus and gardenia in North Carolina.

Management of Root-Knot Nematodes in Bedding Plants

By: Michelle Henson, Adrienne Gorny, Inga Meadows, Suzette Sharpe

This publication discusses the symptoms, diagnosis, and management of root-knot nematodes in ornamental plants.

Azalea Caterpillar

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the azalea caterpillar, Datana major, and provides residential management recommendations.

Aphids on Ornamental Landscape Plants

By: Steven Frank Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of aphid pests of ornamental trees, shrubs, and flowers.

Slugs & Snails on Ornamental Plants

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of slugs and snails, insect pests of ornamental, vegetable, and field crops.

Hemp Russet Mite in Industrial Hemp

By: Melissa Pulkoski, Hannah Burrack

This factsheet describes the symptoms and management of the hemp russet mite, a pest of industrial hemp in North Carolina.

Oriental Beetle

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis, a pest that causes minor damage to most flowering plants, and is particularly attracted to daisies, roses, hollyhock, phlox, and petunias.

Saddleback Caterpillar

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Saddleback caterpillar,Acharia stimulea, and provides residential management recommendations.

2024 North Carolina Peach and Nectarine Disease and Pest Management Guide

By: D.F. Ritchie, J.F. Walgenbach, Wayne E. Mitchem

This publication is intended to help you manage diseases and pests of peaches. In choosing a management program, you must weigh the extent of pesticide use against the amount of risk of crop damage you are willing to accept. A rigorous spray program provides the least risk of loss, whereas a minimal spray program using less effective but possibly less hazardous pesticides involves a greater risk of loss.

Greenhouse Whitefly

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the greenhouse whitefly, an insect pest of greenhouse-grown ornamentals and vegetables.

Puss Caterpillar

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the puss caterpillar, Megalopyge opercularis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Mourning Cloak Butterfly / Spiny Elm Caterpillar

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the spiny elm caterpillar or mourning cloak butterfly, Nymphalis antiopa.

Genista Broom Moth / Genista Caterpillar

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the genista broom moth that is also called the genista caterpillar and sophora worm—Uresiphita reversalis.

Yellowstriped Armyworm in the Landscape

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the yellowstriped armyworm, Spodoptera ornithogalli, and provides residential management recommendations.

Tarnished Plant Bug in Strawberries

By: Hannah Burrack, Aurora Toennisson

This factsheet describes tarnished plat bugs, also known as lygus bugs, and their impact on strawberry crops.

Booklice

By: Patricia Alder, Michael Waldvogel, Christopher Hayes Household Pests

This Entomology Insect Note contains information about booklice, a small household pest that feeds on fungi and mold but does not bite or transmit disease.

Wheel Bug

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of wheel bugs, an insect pest that preys upon other plant pests.

Callirhytis Oak Gall Wasps

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Callirhytis gall wasp, which infests the twigs and leaves of many species of oaks.

Horse Flies and Deer Flies

By: Michael Waldvogel, Charles Apperson Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses identifying horse and deer flies and how to control them.

False Spider Mites

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes false spider mites, insect pests ornamental, fruit and vegetable crops.

Indian Wax Scale Insect

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of Indian wax scale, a tiny insect that detracts from a plant's appearance due to white scales and honeydew secretions.

Citrus Red Mite

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri, and provides residential management recommendations.

Sunflower Moth

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma ellectellum, and provides residential management recommendations.

Root Mealybugs

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology and management of root mealybugs in the genus Rhizoecus including the ground mealybug, Rhizoecus falcifer, Rhizoecus americanus, and the newly introduced hibiscus mealybug, Rhizoecus hibisci.

Basil Downy Mildew

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of basil downy mildew.

Spotted Lanternfly

By: Kelly Oten Invasive Forest Pests

This factsheet offers information on the biology and management of the spotted lanternfly, an invasive agricultural, ornamental, and nuisance pest in the United States.

Lesion Nematode in Potato

By: Adrienne Gorny, Ari Grode Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

Lesion nematode damage in white or Irish potato is caused by plant-parasitic roundworms. This publication discusses the signs, symptoms, and management of the disease.

Common Disease Pests of Oak in North Carolina

By: Rebecca Eshleman, Kelly Oten

This factsheet provides brief descriptions of common disease pests of oak (Quercus spp.) in North Carolina. Pest descriptions are brief to allow readers to peruse common diseases of oaks, but provide links for readers to learn more.

Thrips Found on Flowers and Foliage

This factsheet, part of Insect and Related Pests of Flowers and Foliage Plants, discusses identifying thrips in commercial flower and plant production.

Greenstriped Mapleworm

By: Steven Frank, Adam Dale Entomology Insect Notes

This Insect Note describes the biology and management of greenstriped mapleworm, a caterpillar pest of maple trees.

Root Knot Nematode of Tobacco

By: Daisy Ahumada, Adrienne Gorny Tobacco Disease Information

Nematodes are an economically important pest for flue-cured tobacco production. Root knot nematode is particularly damaging due to the wide host range and number of species of root knot nematode found in North Carolina.

Root-Knot Nematode of Cotton

By: Daisy Ahumada, Adrienne Gorny Cotton Disease Information

Cotton root-knot nematodes are capable of causing significant losses to cotton production. In addition to direct damage, root-knot nematodes allow for secondary pathogens to impact yields. This publication describes root-knot nematodes and their management in cotton.

Common Insect Pests of Maple in North Carolina

By: Rebecca Eshleman, Kelly Oten

This factsheet provides brief descriptions of common insect pests of maple (Acer spp.) in North Carolina. Pest descriptions are brief but provide links for readers to learn more.

Deodar Weevil / Eastern Pine Weevil

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the deodar weevil or eastern pine weevil, Pissodes nemorensis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Hibiscus Sawfly

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the hibiscus sawfly, Atomacera decepta, and provides residential management recommendations.

Asiatic Garden Beetle

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Asiatic garden beetle, Maladera castanea, which feeds on over 100 different plants.

Wireworms in Turf

By: Terri Billeisen TurfFiles

This factsheet describes the biology and management of wireworms, a worm-like larvae of click beetles that are pests of turfgrass.

Syrphid flies

By: Jim Walgenbach

Syrphid fly description, life history, and predation.

2017 Southeastern US Pest Control Guide for Nursery Crops and Landscape Plantings

By: Joe Neal, J.C. Chong, Jean Williams-Woodward

This pest control guide was a project of the Southern Nursery IPM Working Group (SNIPM) and collaborators. It is intended to provide up to date information about pest control products used in nursery crops and ornamental landscape plantings, and as a supplement to the more comprehensive integrated pest management (IPM) manuals for trees and shrubs. Recommendations for the use of agricultural chemicals are included in this publication as a convenience to the reader.

Cotton Defoliation

By: Keith Edmisten, Guy Collins

This publication, chapter 12 of the 2024 Cotton Information handbook, discusses defoliation practices in cotton production.

Fusarium Root Rot of Sweetpotato

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of Fusarium root rot of sweetpotato.

Rhizopus Soft Rot of Sweetpotato

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This vegetable pathology factsheet describes the identification and treatment of Rhizopus soft rot of sweetpotatoes.

Common Insect Pests of Oak in North Carolina

By: Rebecca Eshleman, Kelly Oten

This factsheet provides brief descriptions of common insect pests of oak (Quercus spp.) in North Carolina. Pest descriptions are brief but provide links for readers to learn more.

Buck Moth

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the buck moth, Hemileuca maia, and provides residential management recommendations.

Bulb Mites

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus echinopus, and provides residential management recommendations.

Palm Leaf Skeletonizer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the palm leaf skeletonizer, Homaledra sabalella, and provides recommendations for management.

Biology and Control of Human Lice

By: Sydney Crawley, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Note discusses the biology and life cycle of human lice, as well as proper treatment strategies for the management of lice infestations.

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (North Carolina)

By: Jim Walgenbach

Brown marmorated stink bug description, life history, damage, and control.

Pillbugs and Sowbugs

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of pillbugs and sowbugs, insect pests that feed on decaying vegetation.

Cottony Cushion Scale

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of cottony cushion scale, an insect pest that debilitates plants by sucking out sap.

Twospotted Spider Mites on Landscape Plants

By: Steven Frank Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of twospotted spider mites on ornamental landscape plants.

Small Carpenter Bees

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of small carpenter bees, genus Ceratina, and provides residential management recommendations.

Blow Fly Biology & Management

By: Ezra Bailey, Christopher Hayes Household Pests

This publication covers the basic biology, behavior, prevention, and management of blow flies in North Carolina.

Phytophthora Blight and Root Rot on Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials

By: Inga Meadows, Suzette Sharpe, Amanda Scherer Ornamental Disease Information

Identification and management of Phytophthora in annuals and herbaceous perennials in greenhouses and in the landscape is discussed in this disease fact sheet.

Prevention and Management of Soilborne Diseases of Ornamental Plants and Vegetables in the Greenhouse

By: Ella Reeves, Inga Meadows

This publication details strategies for to prevent and manage soilborne diseases in greenhouse crop production using soilless media. Tactics include sanitation measures, cultural practices, and the application of treatments to limit the development and spread of these diseases in the greenhouse.

Velvet Mites, Brick Mites or Patio Mites

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of trombidiid mites— velvet mites, red velvet mites, large red velvet mites, brick mites, and patio mites.

Chapter 10: Weed Management

By: Chris Reberg-Horton, Charlie Cahoon

This chapter of the North Carolina Organic Commodities Production Guide discusses cultural, mechanical and chemical tactics used for weed control in organic farming.

Ground Pearls in Turf

By: Terri Billeisen, Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of ground pearls and addresses how to control them as an insect in turf.

Fall Armyworms in Turf

By: Terri Billeisen, Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of fall armyworms and addresses how to control them as an insect.

Boxelder Bugs in the Landscape

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the boxelder bug, Boisea (Leptocoris) trivittata, and provides residential management recommendations.

Giant Strong-Nosed Stink Bug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the giant strong-nosed stink bug, Alcaeorrhynchus grandis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Sugarcane Beetle in the Landscape

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the sugarcane beetle, Euetheola rugiceps, and provides residential management recommendations.

Chrysanthemum Aphid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the chrysanthemum aphid, Macrosiphoniella sanborni, and provides residential management recommendations.

Mulberryweed (Fatoua villosa)

By: Joe Neal Horticulture Information Leaflets

This publication covers the identification, distribution and control of mulberryweed, an erect, branching, summer annual weed of landscapes and container nurseries that resembles a mulberry tree (Morus spp.) seedling. A native of eastern Asia, it was introduced into North America in the latter half of the 20th century.

Glyphosate

By: Joe Neal, Travis Gannon Herbicide Information Factsheets

This pesticide factsheet covers the use and characteristics of the herbicide, glyphosate.

Termites - Preventing Problems in Existing Homes

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Wood-Damaging Pests

This publication deals with measures you can take to help prevent problems with termites.

Controlling Baldfaced Hornets and Yellowjackets in and Around Structures

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Stephen Bambara, Christopher Hayes Biting and Stinging Pests

This Entomology Insect Note describes hornets and yellowjackets and how to control them around structures such as barns and houses.

Pests of Peppers

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect peppers.

Cotesia Congregata, Parasitoid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of Cotesia Congregata, a parasitoid.

Harlequin Bug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica, and provides residential management recommendations.

Whitemarked Tussock Moth

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the whitemarked tussock moth, Orgyia leucostigma, and provides residential management recommendations.

Tea Scale

By: Steven Frank Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of tea scale, an insect pest of camellias and hollies.

Southern Red Mite and Spruce Spider Mite

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the southern red mite and the spruce spider mite, insect pests of a number of shrubs and herbs.

Biopesticides for Disease Management in Vegetable Crops

By: Inga Meadows, Ella Reeves

This publication provides information about what biopesticides are, how they control plant diseases, and how they are used to control diseases of vegetables.

Let’s Work Together in Addressing Environmental and Societal Issues: Guide to Engaging Stakeholders and Communities

By: Khara Grieger, Madison Horgan, Ashton Merck

This publication is a guide for researchers, scholars, extension agents, government officials, and others interested in engaging stakeholders and community members to identify and address potential environmental and societal issues.

Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara, Robert Baldwin Entomology Insect Notes

This factsheet describes the biology of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae, and provides residential management recommendations.

Orangestriped Oakworm

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes Orangestriped oakworms, which are often noticed crawling about in August and September

Mites Found on Flowers and Foliage

This factsheet, part of Insect and Related Pests of Flowers and Foliage Plants, discusses identifying mites in commercial flower and plant production.

Scoliid Wasps in Turf

By: Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of the scoliid wasp and addresses how to control it as an insect in turf.

Viral Diseases of Tomato in the Greenhouse

By: Ella Reeves, Michelle Henson, Inga Meadows Vegetable Disease Information

This factsheet describes the symptoms and management of various viruses that can affect greenhouse tomato production in North Carolina.

Lace Bugs

By: Steven Frank Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of lace bugs, including the azalea lace bug, hawthorn lace bug, rhododendron lace bug, and sycamore lace bug.

Sweetpotato Root Knot Nematode

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This factsheet discusses the identification and management of root knot nematode of sweetpotato.

Twospotted Spider Mite

By: Hannah Burrack, James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, and provides management recommendations.

Melon Aphid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii, and provides residential management recommendations.

Ivory-marked Borer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the ivory-marked wood borer, Eburia quadrigeminata, a beetle that does not infest living trees.

Wool Sower Gall Wasp

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology and management of the wool sower gall wasp, Callirhytis seminator, and provides residential management recommendations.

Spruce Spider Mite on Fraser Fir

By: Jill Sidebottom, Jamie Bookwalter Christmas Tree Notes

This publication describes scouting for and controlling the spruce spider mite, an insect that causes yellow spots on needles of Fraser firs.

Elongate Hemlock Scale

By: Jill Sidebottom, Jamie Bookwalter Christmas Tree Notes

This publication describes the symptoms, life cycle and control of the elongate hemlock scale, a pest that causes white, waxy spots on the upper surface of Christmas tree needles.

Springtails

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Household Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses the life cycle, habits, and control of springtails in the household.

Crane Fly Larvae in Turf

By: Terri Billeisen, Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of crane fly larvae and addresses how to control them as insects in turf.

Leatherjackets and Crane Flies

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of crane flies, also called daddy-long-legs or mosquito hawks, in the genera Limonia and Tipula.

Southern Pine Sawyer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the southern pine sawyer, Monochamus titillator, longhorned beetles that are common in North Carolina.

Codling Moth

By: Jim Walgenbach

Codling moth description, life history, damage, and control.

Gloomy Scale, Melanaspis tenebricosa (Comstock), Hemiptera: Diaspididae

By: Steven Frank, Adam Dale Entomology Insect Notes

Gloomy scale is an armored scale insect pest of ornamental trees, most commonly red maple trees. These pests are much more abundant and damaging in urban landscapes than natural forests. This insect note describes an integrated pest management approach to identifying, monitoring, and managing these pests.

Longhorned Tick

By: Wes Watson, Matt Bertone, Michael Waldvogel, Alexis M. Barbarin

The longhorned tick (previously called the 'Asian longhorned tick') is an invasive tick spreading throughout the eastern US. A native of the far east, this tick was introduced to the US mainland in 2010. It has been reported from 20 states and Washington DC. Here we present basic information on the biology of the tick, its distribution, damage caused by the tick and how to protect against the tick.

Anthracnose diseases of trees

By: Courtney Smith, Kelly Oten

This fact sheets details the identification and management of a common group of fungal diseases, anthracnose.

Boxwood Mite

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the boxwood mite, Eurytetranychus buxi,, and provides residential management recommendations.

Blue-winged Wasp

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of scoliid wasps, including Scolia dubia.

Red Shouldered Bug or Golden Rain Tree Bug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the golden rain tree bug or red shouldered bug, Jadera haematoloma, and provides residential management recommendations.

Florida Fern Caterpillar

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Florida fern caterpillar, Callopistria floridensis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Cyclamen Mite and Broad Mite in Ornamental Plants

By: James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the cyclamen and broad mites, insect pests of many flowering shrubs and plants.

Annual Bluegrass Weevil in Turf

By: Terri Billeisen TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of the annual bluegrass weevil and addresses how to control it as an insect in turf.

Sculptured Pine Borer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the sculptured pine borer, Chalcophora virginiensis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Yellownecked Caterpillar in the Landscape

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the yellownecked caterpillar, Datana ministra., and provides residential management recommendations.

Harvesting Scabby Wheat and Dealing With DON

By: Christina Cowger

This factsheet provides information about wheat affected by deoxynivalenol, also known as DON or vomitoxin, a toxin produced by the fungus Fusarium graminearum. Consuming DON can affect the health of humans and many animals and can also affect baking quality and flavors in foods.

Flower Thrips

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes flower thrips, insect pests of grasses and flowering plants.

Lettuce Drop

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This factsheet discusses the identification and management of Sclerotinia Drop of lettuce.

Pests of Onion

By: Kenneth Sorensen, James Baker, Cathy Cameron Carter, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests that affect onions.

Cecropia Moth

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the cecropia moth, Hyalophora cecropia.

Giant Conifer Aphids

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the giant conifer aphid, Cinara spp, and provides residential management recommendations.

Rose Midge

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the rose midge, Dasineura rhodophaga, and provides residential management recommendations.

Amber Snails

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology and management of amber snails in the family Succineidae.

Tulip Aphid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the tulip aphids, Dysaphis tulipae, and provides residential management recommendations.

The Small Hive Beetle: A Pest of Honey Bee Colonies

By: John T. Ambrose, David Tarpy, Jennifer Keller

This factsheet describes the small hive beetle, its life cycle and how to prevent infestations of beehives by the beetle. It includes summaries of recommended treatments to control the beetles inside and outside the hive.

Cutworms in Turf

By: Terri Billeisen, Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of the cutworm and addresses how to control it as an insect in turf.

Granville Wilt of Tobacco

By: Daisy Ahumada Tobacco Disease Information

This factsheet shares the symptoms and control of Granville Wilt, a devastating disease of tobacco in North Carolina.

Clubroot of Brassicas

By: Ella Reeves, Suzette Sharpe, Inga Meadows Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

The pathogen, host plants, symptoms and management of clubroot, a disease of crucifer crops, are discussed in this factsheet.

Lesion Nematode in Corn

By: Adrienne Gorny, Kelci Cox Corn Disease Information

Lesion nematodes are plant-parasitic roundworms that may cause damage in corn. This factsheet covers their signs and symptoms as well as management of the disease.

Eastern Gray Squirrel

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes eastern gray squirrels and the damage they can cause to trees and shrubs. It also offers some management strategies.

Southern Pine Beetle

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This factsheet describes and gives the biology and management of the Southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis.

Earthworms in Turf

By: Terri Billeisen, Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of the earthworm and addresses how to control it as an insect in turf.

Managing the Twolined Spittlebug in the Home Landscape

By: Steven Frank, Rick Brandenburg, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the twolined spittlebug, an insect pest of turf and ornamentals in North Carolina.

Pine Bark Adelgid

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note focuses on the park bark adelgid, Pineus strobi, pests found on white pines in North Carolina.

Disease and Insect Management in the Home Orchard

By: Dave Ritchie, Jim Walgenbach Fruit Disease Information

Homeowners who grow fruit in backyards or small orchards find that disease and insect pests often ruin the crop and in some instances damage the tree itself. This publication covers common diseases and insect issues in backyard orchards in North Carolina.

Witchhazel Leaf Gall Aphid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the witchhazel leaf gall aphid, Hormaphis cornu, and provides residential management recommendations.

White Peach Scale Insect

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This PDIC factsheet describes the biology and management of the white peach scales, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona.

Locust Leafminer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the locust leafminer, Odontota dorsalis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Hibiscus Scentless Plant Bug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the hibiscus scentless plant bug, Niesthrea louisianica. They feed on flower buds and seeds of Rose-of-Sharon and hibiscus using tiny thread-like mouthparts to probe vegetation and seeds and inject saliva.

Goldenrod Soldier Beetle

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the goldenrod soldier beetle, Chauliognathus pensylvanicus, also called Pennsylvania leatherwings. These beetles feed on aphids and other insects they find on plants, and since they do not seem to chew on petals, these beetles should be encouraged rather than eliminated.

Flatheaded Appletree Borer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the flatheaded appletree borer, Chrysobothris femorata, and provides residential management recommendations.

Fern Scale Insect

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the fern scale, Pinnaspis aspidistrae, and provides residential management recommendations.

Moho gris en fresa

By: Frank Louws, Andres Sanabria Velazquez, Tika Adhikari

La podredumbre de Botrytis, o Moho gris como se le llama a menudo, es una enfermedad grave en todas las áreas de producción de fresas y es una enfermedad preocupante en la mayoría de los años. La enfermedad es un problema no solo en el campo, sino también durante el almacenamiento, el tránsito y la comercialización de la fruta de fresa, debido a la aparición de podredumbre severa a medida que las frutas comienzan a madurar. Otras partes infectadas por el hongo incluyen hojas, corona, pétalos, tallos de flores y frutas. La podredumbre de la corona se discute en otra parte. La enfermedad es más grave durante la floración y la cosecha en temporadas con largos períodos de nubes y lluvia complementados por temperaturas frescas.

Annual and Periodical Cicada

By: Jim Walgenbach, Stephen Schoof

Cicada impacts on apple - description, life cycle, damage, and control.

Africanized Honey Bees: Some Questions and Answers

By: David Tarpy, John Ambrose Africanized Honey Bees

This factsheet answers basic questions about Africanized honey bees. (Part 3 of a 3-part series)

Glomerella Leaf Spot and Fruit Rot

By: Sara Villani Apple Pathology Factsheets

This apple pathology factsheet describes Glomerella leaf spot and fruit rot in apple, including identification and disease management.

Herbicide Injury – ACCase Inhibitors

By: Doug Goodale, Joe Neal Herbicide Injury Factsheets

This factsheet describes the symptoms of a lipid biosynthesis (Acetyl CoA carboxylase or ACCase) inhibitor herbicide injury.

Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome

By: Sam Cude, Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) first appeared in Arkansas in 1971 and has since spread to almost every soybean producing state. SDS rarely affects plants in North Carolina, but losses are seen when infections are concurrent with soybean cyst nematode infections or cool, wet environmental conditions. This factsheet describes SDS and its management in North Carolina.

Gray Leaf Spot in Corn

By: Daisy Ahumada Corn Disease Information

This corn disease information note offers information on the symptoms and management of gray leaf spot in corn production in North Carolina.

Diseases of Dogwood in North Carolina

By: Rebecca Eshleman, Kelly Oten

This fact sheet compiles common disease of dogwood trees (Cornaceae) in North Carolina. It contains brief descriptions with links to reputable and more thorough fact sheets.

Oleander Aphid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the oleander aphid, Aphis nerii, and provides residential management recommendations.

Cottony Camellia Scale Insect

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the cottony camellia scale, Pulvinaria floccifera, and provides residential management recommendations.

Baldfaced Hornets in Landscapes

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of baldfaced hornets, Dolichovespula maculata, wasps that build large, gray cardboard nests in trees.

Stinging Rose Caterpillar

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Stinging Rose Caterpillar, Parasa indetermina, and provides residential management recommendations.

Betsy Beetle or Horned Passalus

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the horned passalus, Odontotaenius disjunctus, also known as a betsy beetle, bessbug, patent leather beetle, Jerusalem beetle, horn beetle, and peg beetle.

Roseslug or Rose Sawfly

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the roseslug caterpillars, Endelomyia aethiops, also called common roseslugs and American roseslugs.

Red-Headed Flea Beetle Management in Container Nurseries

By: Danny Lauderdale, Steven Frank

The red-headed flea beetle (RHFB), Systena frontalis, is a serious pest of broadleaved ornamental plants in nurseries. This document describes current knowledge of the pest and best practices for its management in nurseries.

Southern root-knot nematode in corn

By: Adrienne Gorny, Jennifer Duong Corn Disease Information

This factsheet describes and provides management recommendations for the Southern root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita, a widespread pest of corn in North Carolina.

Botrytis Blight of Greenhouse Ornamentals

By: Inga Meadows, Mike Munster, Leighann Murray Ornamental Disease Information

Botrytis blight, or gray mold, is a fungal disease that is widespread in the United States and globally. This fungus spreads via spores in the air and can result in economic losses if not managed early. In North Carolina, this pathogen is most threatening in the spring when temperatures are cool. This factsheet provides information about the disease, how it spreads, when it is a problem, and how to manage it through cultural and chemical practices.

Cotton Seedling Diseases

By: Daisy Ahumada Cotton Disease Information

Seedling diseases are a major disease concern for North Carolina cotton production. Numerous fungi are capable of causing seedling disease, and potential damages are heavily influenced by environmental conditions.

Crapemyrtle Aphid

By: Steven Frank, Stephen Bambara, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the crapemyrtle aphid, a common pest of crapemyrtles that reduces plant vigor.

Japanese Beetles on Ornamental Landscape Plants

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of Japanese beetle adults, which feed on many species of ornamental trees, shrubs, and flowers.

Cylindrocladium Black Rot of Peanut

By: Barbara Shew

This factsheet offers information on the signs, symptoms, and control of cylindrocladium black rot in peanut production.

Asian Longhorned Beetle

By: Kelly Oten Invasive Forest Pests

This factsheet offers information on the biology and management of the Asian longhorned beetle, an invasive forest pest in the United States.

Beech Bark Disease

By: Courtney Smith, Kelly Oten Invasive Forest Pests

This factsheet provides information about beech bark disease, including the lifecycle, symptoms, and management strategies.

Hickory Horned Devil \ Regal Moth

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This factsheet describes the biology of the hickory horned devil, Citheronia regalis, the caterpillar of the regal moth. Because hickory horned devils are harmless to humans and are relatively rare, no control measures are needed.

Yucca Plant Bug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the yucca plant bug, Halticotoma valida, and provides residential management recommendations.

Oak Shothole Leafminer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the oak shothole leafminer, Japanagromyza viridula.

Greenhouse Thrips

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the greenhouse thrips, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Gladiolus Thrips

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the gladiolus thrip, Taeniothrips simplex, and provides residential management recommendations.

Ornamental Herbicide II (oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin)

By: Joe Neal Herbicide Information Factsheets

This pesticide factsheet covers the use and characteristics of Ornamental Herbicide II (oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin).

Tobacco - Nitrogen (N) Deficiency

By: Matthew Vann, Josh Henry, Paul Cockson, Brian Whipker Tobacco Nutrient Information

By far, nitrogen (N) is the most widely applied nutrient for plant growth. It should come as no surprise, that symptoms of nitrogen deficiency readily develop with tobacco plants.

Complete Southeastern US Pest Control Guide

By: Joe Neal

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) can be defined as a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining cultural, biological, and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, aesthetic, health, and environmental risks. A first step in implementing an effective IPM program is to maintain healthy, vigorous plants, which are much less likely to have pest problems. Therefore, an integrated pest management program will also consider cultural practices that lead to healthy and resilient plantings.

Willow Bladdergall Mite

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the willow bladdergall mite, Aculops tetanothrix, and provides residential management recommendations.

Spongy Moth (formerly Gypsy Moth)

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the spongy moth, Lymantria dispar, and provides residential management recommendations.

Yellow Poplar Weevil

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the yellow poplar weevil (also called the tuliptree leafminer, magnolia leafminer and the sassafras weevil), Odontopus calceatus.

Apple Maggot

By: Jim Walgenbach

This publication offers information on the description, life history, and control of the apple maggot.

Mealybugs Found on Flowers and Foliage

This factsheet, part of Insect and Related Pests of Flowers and Foliage Plants, discusses identifying mealybugs in commercial flower and plant production.

Termites - Treating Houses with Wells, Cisterns or Foundation Drains

By: Michael Waldvogel, Patricia Alder, Christopher Hayes Wood-Damaging Pests

This publication discusses the potential dfficulties and options for treating termite-infested buildings that have wells, cisterns and/foundation drains.

Weed Management in Cotton

By: Charlie W. Cahoon, Alan C. York

This publication, chapter 10 of the 2024 Cotton Information handbook, covers weed management practices for cotton production.

Oriental Fruit Moth

By: Jim Walgenbach

Oriental fruit moth description, life history, damage, and control.

Brown Soft Scale

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes brown soft scale, a common insect pest on trees, shrubs and indoor plants.

Hemispherical Scale

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of hemispherical scale, an insect pest of many flowering trees and shrubs, as well as greenhouse plants.

Barklice

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of barklice, insect pests of smooth-barked shrubs and trees.

Azalea Stem Borer

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the azalea stem borer.

Pests of Rhododendron

By: James Baker, Cathy C. Carter, Kelly F. Horn, Daniel Kline, John Scott, Howard Singletary, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the publication Insect and Related Pests of Shrubs publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests in rhododendron.

Cercospora Leaf Blight of Soybean

By: Sarah Cochran, Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

Cercospora blight is a common foliar disease of soybeans in North Carolina. Early symptoms may mimic several other common soybean problems, and accurate diagnosis is important for selecting management practices.

Longtailed Mealybug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the longtailed mealybug, Pseudococcus longispinus, and provides residential management recommendations.

European Hornet in the Landscape

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the European hornet, Vespa crabro, and provides residential management recommendations.

Lantana Lace Bug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the lantana lace bug, Teleonemia scrupulosa, and provides residential management recommendations.

Purple Mite

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the purple mite (also known as the purple camellia mite, the purple tea mite (camellia and tea are closely related plants), and cha-geom-eun-hog-eung-ae, Calacarus carinatus.

Calibrating a Backpack Sprayer

By: Gary Roberson

This brochure goes over calibration guidelines for backpack or knapsack sprayers.

Japanese Beetle

By: Jim Walgenbach

Japanese beetle description, life history, damage, and control.

Mosquito Control for Stormwater Facilities

By: Bill Hunt Urban Waterways

This factsheet provides a review of strategies for designing and maintaining stormwater facilities to limit mosquito populations.

Synthetic Auxins

By: Doug Goodale, Joe Neal, Katie Jennings Herbicide Injury Factsheets

This factsheet describes the symptoms of a synthetic auxin (SA) herbicide injury.

Chemical Application Equipment

By: Gary Roberson, Jason Ward

This publication covers cleaning and calibrating chemical application equipment, such as dusters, spreaders and sprayers.

Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle Inside Houses

By: Michael Waldvogel, Stephen Bambara, James Baker, David Orr Household Pests

This Entomology Insect Note discusses how to control multicolored Asian lady beetles in households.

Anthracnose of Soybean

By: Jean Beacorn, Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

This soybean disease factsheet covers anthracnose, a fungal disease affecting maturing soybean stems and pods in North Carolina.

Potato Aphid on Ornamental Plants

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae).

Green Coneheaded Planthopper

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the green coneheaded planthopper, Acanalonia conica, and provides residential management recommendations. Green coneheaded planthoppers feed on numerous ornamental herbs, shrubs, and trees and secrete a sweet, sticky substance called honeydew in which dark fungi may grow.

Parsleyworm \ Eastern Black Swallowtail

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the black swallowtail, American swallowtail, parsnip swallowtail, parsley swallowtail, celeryworm, caraway worm, and eastern black swallowtail, and provides residential management recommendations.

Rainbow Scarab

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the rainbow scarab, Phanaeus vindex.

Foxglove Aphid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani, and provides residential management recommendations.

Pales Weevil

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the pales weevil, Hylobius pales, and provides residential management recommendations.

Leafcutter Bees

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of leafcutter bees, genus Megachile.

Frogeye Leaf Spot of Tobacco

By: Daisy Ahumada Tobacco Disease Information

Frogeye leaf spot disease on flue-cured tobacco is caused by the fungal pathogen, Cercospora nicotianae. This disease has historically been an issue for ripe tobacco, but has become more common over the last couple of years. The disease is found most commonly on lower, more mature leaves of the plant, but can also affect green tissues. Infections are not often severe enough to impact yield, but, under conducive environmental conditions, can cause severe damage to leaves.

Twospotted Spider Mite

By: Jim Walgenbach

Twospotted spider mite description, life history, damage, and control.

Rust Mites in Christmas Trees

By: Jill Sidebottom Christmas Tree Notes

This publication describes the life cycle and control of the hemlock rust mite, which causes needles to turn a dusty rust color and drop from several species of Christmas trees.

How to Send Specimens for Disease, Insect, and Weed Identification

By: Matt Bertone

This publication explains how and where to send specimens for disease, insect and weed identification.

Fire Ants in Commercial Turfgrass, Home Lawns and Landscapes

By: Terri Billeisen TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of fire ants and addresses how to control them as an insect in turf.

Pests of Azalea

By: James Baker, Cathy C. Carter, Kelly F. Horn, Daniel Kline, John Scott, Howard Singletary, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the publication Insect and Related Pests of Shrubs publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests in azalea.

Stubby-Root Nematode in Corn

By: Adrienne Gorny, Kelci Cox Corn Disease Information

Stubby-root nematodes are soilborne, plant-parasitic roundworms that may cause significant damage in corn. This publication covers the symptoms and disease management of the pathogen.

Cream Leaf Blight in Turf

By: Jim Kerns, Lee Butler TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of cream leaf blight.

Gray Leaf Spot of Tomato

By: Ella Reeves, Inga Meadows Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This publication describes gray leaf spot of tomato. Disease management options are provided for conventional and organic growers and for homeowners.

Bronze Birch Borer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius, and provides residential management recommendations.

Bombardier Beetles and False Bombardier Beetles

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of bombardier beetles and provides residential management recommendations.

European Red Mite

By: Jim Walgenbach

European red mite description, life history, damage, and control.

Aphid Predatory Midge

By: Jim Walgenbach

Midge description, life history, and predation.

Tobacco - Sulfur (S) Deficiency

By: Matthew Vann, Josh Henry, Paul Cockson, Brian Whipker Tobacco Nutrient Information

Sulfur (S) deficiency can easily be mistaken for nitrogen (N) deficiency in tobacco. The ability to distinguish between the two is very important to determining a corrective measure.

Flies and Maggots Found on Flowers and Foliage

This factsheet, part of Insect and Related Pests of Flowers and Foliage Plants, discusses identifying different flies and maggots in commercial garden and plant production.

Soybean Stem Canker

By: LeAnn Lux Soybean Disease Information

This soybean disease factsheet describes southern stem canker, a disease of soybeans in North Carolina.

Insect Repellent Products

By: Michael Waldvogel, Charles Apperson Biting and Stinging Pests

This document is presented to answer some commonly asked questions about repellents and mechanical devices that allegedly repel insects and ticks.

Leafminer Flies

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of leafminer flies, an insect pest of many flowers and ornamentals.

Pests of Euonymus

By: James Baker, Cathy C. Carter, Kelly F. Horn, Daniel Kline, John Scott, Howard Singletary, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the publication Insect and Related Pests of Shrubs publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests in euonymus.

Pests of Ligustrum

By: James Baker, Cathy C. Carter, Kelly F. Horn, Daniel Kline, John Scott, Howard Singletary, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the publication Insect and Related Pests of Shrubs publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests in ligustrum.

Cattail Toothpick Grasshopper

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the cattail toothpick grasshopper, Leptysma marginicollis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Banded Greenhouse Thrips

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the banded greenhouse thrips, Hercinothrips femoralis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Arborvitae Leafminer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the arborvitae leafminer, Argyresthia thuiella, and provides residential management recommendations.

Beet Armyworm

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the adult beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and provides residential management recommendations.

Impervious Surface Thresholds for Sustainable Urban Tree Planting and Landscape Design

By: Steven Frank, Adam Dale, Elsa Youngsteadt

A foundation of IPM in urban landscapes is to put the right plant in the right place. This reduces plant stress and thus the long term costs of pest management. Impervious surface cover is linked to red maple condition and scale insect infestations. This publication describes impervious surface thresholds to use when selecting sites for planting red maples in urban landscapes.

Tobacco - Magnesium (Mg) Deficiency

By: Matthew Vann, Josh Henry, Paul Cockson, Brian Whipker Tobacco Nutrient Information

Tobacco that is deficient in magnesium (Mg) will initially develop symptoms on the lower or older foliage. These symptoms occur as an interveinal chlorosis that begins on the leaf margin, typically toward the leaf tip. Mg is mobile within plant tissues and will readily translocated from older leaves to the young developing tissues during limited Mg conditions.

Aphids Found on Flowers and Foliage

This factsheet, part of Insect and Related Pests of Flowers and Foliage Plants, discusses identifying aphids in commercial flower and plant production.

Slugs and Snails Found on Flowers and Foliage

This factsheet, part of Insect and Related Pests of Flowers and Foliage Plants, discusses identifying slugs and snails in commercial flower and plant production.

Whiteflies Found on Flowers and Foliage

This factsheet, part of Insect and Related Pests of Flowers and Foliage Plants, discusses identifying whiteflies in commercial flower and plant production.

Yellowjackets in Turf

By: Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of the yellowjacket and addresses how to control it as an insect in turf.

Animal Damage Control

By: C.S. DePerno

This publication explains control measures that can be taken due to animal damage of crops.

Cicada Killer Wasps in Turf

By: Rick Brandenburg, Terri Billeisen TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of the cicada killer wasp and addresses how to control it as an insect in turf.

Euonymus Scale

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of euonymus scale, insect pests of euonymus, pachysandra and celastrus in North Carolina.

Root Knot Nematode of Soybean

By: Ashley Joyce, Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

Root knot nematodes can cause significant damages to soybean fields in North Carolina. This factsheet describes the different species of root knot nematodes and their management in soybean production.

Pests of Gardenia

By: James Baker, Cathy C. Carter, Kelly F. Horn, Daniel Kline, John Scott, Howard Singletary, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the publication Insect and Related Pests of Shrubs publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests in gardenia.

Fusarium Wilt of Soybean

By: Raymond Garcia Rodriguez, Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

Fusarium wilt can be an important disease in soybean when it appears. Although not a yearly problem for most of North Carolina producers, it can be locally damaging. The signs and management of the disease are described in this factsheet.

Bald Cypress Rust Mite

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the bald cypress rust mite, Epitrimerus taxodii, and provides residential management recommendations.

Leafminers of Hollies

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of leafminers, which sometimes damage hollies. Each species of holly seems to have its own species of leafminer fly.

Rustic Sphinx

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the rustic sphinx, Manduca rustica, and provides residential management recommendations.

Chinese Praying Mantid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Chinese praying mantid, Tenodera sinensis, which are sold as biological controls.

Dogwood Borer

By: Jim Walgenbach

Dogwood borer description, life history, damage, and control.

Plum Curculio

By: Jim Walgenbach

Plum curculio description, life history, damage, and control.

Casoron (dichlobenil)

By: Joe Neal Herbicide Information Factsheets

This pesticide factsheet covers the use and characteristics of Casoron (dichlobenil).

Scale Insects Found on Flowers and Foliage

This factsheet, part of Insect and Related Pests of Flowers and Foliage Plants, discusses identifying scale insects in commercial flower and plant production.

Rhodesgrass Mealybugs in Turf

By: Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of the rhodesgrass mealybug and addresses how to control it as an insect in turf.

Cellulose Inhibitors, Indaziflam, and Isoxaben

By: Joe Neal, Doug Goodale, Katie Jennings, Wayne Mitchem Herbicide Injury Factsheets

This factsheet describes the symptoms of cellulose-inhibiting herbicide injuries.

Management of Yellow Nutsedge in Sweetpotato

By: Shawn C. Beam, Katie M. Jennings

This publication discusses the impacts of yellow nutsedge on sweetpotato crops and includes information on weed identification and management.

Añublo lanoso en cucurbitáceas

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo, Emma Wallace Hoja informativa de patógenos de vegetales

Esta Hoja de Datos de Patología Vegetal fue publicada en inglés en 2013 por la Dra. Lina Quesada, Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal de la NCSU. La Dra. Angela M. Linares Ramírez, de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, tradujo la hoja informativa al español en 2017.

Azalea Leafminer

By: Steven Frank Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the azalea leafminer.

Pests of Boxwood

By: James Baker, Cathy C. Carter, Kelly F. Horn, Daniel Kline, John Scott, Howard Singletary, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the publication Insect and Related Pests of Shrubs publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests in boxwood.

Brown Spot of Tobacco

By: Daisy Ahumada Tobacco Disease Information

Brown spot is a disease of increasing importance in flue cured tobacco production.This disease is most severe on mature or otherwise injured tobacco.

Soybean Seedling Diseases

By: Ashley Joyce, Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

Soybean seedling disease is caused by several different pathogens. While cultural management is the same across seedling diseases, chemical management may differ depending on prevalent pathogen and environmental conditions.

Pansyworm / Variegated Fritillary

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the pansyworm, Euptoieta claudia, the immature stage of the variegated fritillary butterfly, and provides residential management recommendations.

Cabbage Looper on Ornamentals

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, and provides residential management recommendations.

Rose Chafer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the rose chafer, Macrodactylus subspinosus, a relatively minor pest of roses that at one time was apparently much more abundant.

Tobacco Budworm on Ornamentals

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the tobacco budworm moth, Heliothis virescens, and provides residential management recommendations.

Tuliptree Aphid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the tuliptree aphid, Illinoia liriodendri, and provides residential management recommendations.

Northern Twostriped Walkingstick

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the northern twostriped walking stick, Anisomorpha ferruginea, and provides residential management recommendations.

Tobacco - Manganese (Mn) Deficiency

By: Matthew Vann, Josh Henry, Paul Cockson, Brian Whipker Tobacco Nutrient Information

Manganese (Mn) deficiency begins as an interveinal chlorosis on the upper leaves. As the symptoms progress, the interveinal chlorosis takes on a white netting type appearance. With advanced symptoms, small white spots develop and over time the spots enlarge into larger white spots.

Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (PPO) Inhibitors

By: Doug Goodale, Joe Neal, Katie Jennings, Wayne Mitchem Herbicide Injury Factsheets

This factsheet describes the symptoms of a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor herbicide injury.

Pesticide Use and Safety Information

By: Wayne Buhler

This publication describes restricted-use pesticides, the safe use of pesticides and evaluating the potential for groundwater contamination.

Formosan Termites in North Carolina

By: Patricia Alder, Michael Waldvogel, Christopher Hayes Wood-Damaging Pests

The Formosan subterranean termite is considered to be one of the most destructive termite species in the world today. This publication discusses the biology and control of this pest.

Chinch Bugs in Turf

By: Rick Brandenburg, Terri Billeisen TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of the chinch bug and addresses how to control it as an insect in turf.

Japanese Maple Scale, Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell), Hemiptera: Diaspididae

By: Steven Frank, Adam Dale Entomology Insect Notes

Japanese maple scale is an exotic, armored scale insect pest of several ornamental trees and shrubs, most commonly in urban landscapes. This insect factsheet provides an integrated pest management approach to identifying, monitoring, and managing Japanese maple scale.

Ash Whitefly in North Carolina

By: D. Huffman, K.A. Kidd, Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the ash whitefly, an insect pest of Bradford pear trees in North Carolina.

Caterpillars That Feed on Trees and Shrubs

By: Steven Frank, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of caterpillars that feed on trees and shrubs.

Black Twig Borer

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the black twig borer, an insect pest of many trees typically found in southeastern and coastal North Carolina.

Pythium Root and Crown Rot of Industrial Hemp

By: Ashley Troth, Lindsey Thiessen Industrial Hemp Disease Information

This factsheet discusses pythium root and crown rot in industrial hemp production.

Target Spot of Tobacco

By: Daisy Ahumada Tobacco Disease Information

Target spot is a potentially devastating leaf spot disease in tobacco in North Carolina. This factsheet summarizes the signs and symptoms and offers treatment plans.

HPPD and Clomazone Injury on Soybean

By: Wesley Everman, Eric Jones

This factsheet discusses HPPD and clomazine injury on soybean.

Redbanded Leafhopper on Ornamental Plants

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the redbanded leafhopper, Graphocephala coccinea, and offers some control options.

Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the smaller European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus, and provides residential management recommendations.

Redbud Leaffolder

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the redbud leaffolder, Fascista Cercerisella, and provides residential management recommendations.

Dogwood Sawfly

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the dogwood sawfly, Macremphytus tarsatus, and provides residential management recommendations.

Pavement Ant

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the pavement ant, Tetramorium caespitum, and provides residential management recommendations.

Megalodacne Pleasing Fungus Beetles

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the pleasing fungus beetles in the genus Megalodacne.

Diamondback Moth

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, and provides residential management recommendations.

Forest Tent Caterpillar

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria, and provides residential management recommendations.

Insect and Related Pests of Shrubs

By: James Baker, Cathy C. Carter, Kelly F. Horn, Daniel Kline, John Scott, Howard Singletary, David Stephan

This publications contains detailed drawings and descriptions to aid in identifying pests and insects of shrubs. It summarizes recommended practices for eliminating those pests or insects.

Tobacco - Zinc (Zn) Deficiency

By: Matthew Vann, Josh Henry, Paul Cockson, Brian Whipker Tobacco Nutrient Information

Zinc (Zn) deficiency has not been reported under field conditions. Most of the time, the soil will have enough micros to supplement any gaps in the chosen fertilizer plan. To present a more robust set of data, we induced zinc deficiency under controlled greenhouse studies for accurate diagnosis if the problem should arise. In NC State University trials, ornamental tobacco developed a silver cast to the leaves as the initial symptom of zinc deficiency.

Slugs in Strawberries

By: Hannah Burrack, Aurora Toennisson

This factsheet describes slugs and their impact on strawberries.

Photosystem II – Triazine Herbicides

By: Joe Neal, Douglas Goodale, Katie Jennings, Wayne Mitchem Herbicide Injury Factsheets

This factsheet describes the symptoms of a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor herbicide injury.

Voles in Commercial Orchard and Ornamental Nurseries

By: Peter Bromley, Michael Parker, William Sullivan, Karl Larson Wildlife Damage Management

This publication will help you identify voles and vole damage and determine when, where, and how to control vole populations using environmentally sound and economical methods.

Devrinol (napropamide)

By: Joe Neal Herbicide Information Factsheets

This pesticide factsheet covers the use and characteristics of Devrinol (napropamide).

Developing a Management Strategy: Short-Season Timeliness

By: Keith Edmisten, Guy Collins

This publication, chapter 3 of the 2024 Cotton Information handbook, covers management practices for cotton production considering short-season timeliness.

Añublo polvoriento en cucurbitáceas

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo Hoja informativa de patógenos de vegetales

Esta Hoja de Datos de Patología Vegetal fue publicada en inglés en 2015 por la Dra. Lina Quesada, Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal de la NCSU. Traducido y revisado al español por: Angela Linares-Ramírez Catedrática Auxiliar, UPRM Fecha de traducción al español: 23 de marzo de 2017

Sugarcane Beetles in Turf

By: Terri Billeisen, Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of the sugarcane beetle and addresses how to control it as an insect in turf.

Cicadas in the Landscape

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the cicada, an occasional pest of trees when laying eggs.

Lecanium Scale Insects

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and life cycle of lecanium scale, a tree and shrub pest.

Bean Leafroller

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the bean leafroller, Urbanus proteus, and provides residential management recommendations.

Lesser Canna Leafroller

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the lesser canna leafroller, Geshna cannalis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Oak Treehopper

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology and management of the oak treehopper, Platycotis vitata, and provides residential management recommendations.

Hollyhock Weevil

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the hollyhock weevil, Rhopalapion longirostre, a tiny black beetle with tannish to orange legs, that eats small holes in the buds and leaves of hollyhock in June and July.

Asiatic Oak Weevil

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Asiatic oak weevil, Cyrtepistomus castaneus, and provides residential management recommendations.

Holly Berry Gall Midge

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology and management of the holly berry gall midge, Asphondylia ilicicola. In American holly it causes berries to remain green during the fall and winter.

Cuban Laurel Thrips

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips ficorum, and provides residential management recommendations.

Hackberry Leafslug or White Flannel Moth

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the hackberry leafslug, Norape ovina, and provides residential management recommendations.

Citrus Leafminer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, and provides residential management recommendations.

Green June Beetles in Turfgrass

By: Terri Billeisen TurfFiles

This factsheet describes the biology and management of Green June beetles (GJB), Cotinis nitida. The larvae can cause direct damage to turfgrass by feeding on plant roots and organic matter in the soil.

Tufted Apple Bud Moth

By: Jim Walgenbach

Tufted apple bud moth description, life cycle, monitoring, and control.

Control of Root Feeding Insects in Fraser Fir Christmas Trees

By: Jill Sidebottom, Jamie Bookwalter Christmas Tree Notes

This publication covers the identification, life cycles and treatment of several species of insects, such as May and June beetle grubs and root aphids, that feed on and affect root growth of Fraser fir Christmas trees.

Tobacco - Potassium (K) Deficiency

By: Matthew Vann, Josh Henry, Paul Cockson, Brian Whipker Tobacco Nutrient Information

Potassium (K) is one of the three core macronutrients, and consequently, deficiency symptoms manifest relatively quickly in tobacco. Potassium is a mobile element, which means it will translocate from mature tissues to the younger tissues where it is needed. This movement of K from older to younger foliage is what causes deficiency symptoms to develop first on the lower foliage.

Tobacco - Boron (B) Toxicity

By: Matthew Vann, Josh Henry, Paul Cockson, Brian Whipker Tobacco Nutrient Information

Boron (B) is an essential element that frequently exhibits deficiency symptoms if it is in limited supply. Growers often apply additional B to avoid deficiencies, but if too much B is applied, there is the risk of B toxicity symptoms developing. Boron toxicities initially appear on the lower, older leaves. Early symptoms of boron toxicity will appear as wrinkling of the lower leaves and interveinal chlorosis along the leaf margin. The wrinkling is most likely caused by the lack of cell expansion when toxic levels of B are present. This wrinkling will develop across the leaf’s surface resulting in leaf deformation. Over time the interveinal chlorosis will move inward and develop over most of the leaf. Cells will rapidly die when excess B is supplied, resulting in necrotic spotting. With advanced symptomology, chlorosis and necrosis will progress up the plant to other leaves.

Whiteflies in Strawberries

By: Hannah Burrack

This factsheet provides information on whiteflies and their impact on North Carolina strawberries.

White Grubs in Turf

By: Rick Brandenburg, Terri Billeisen TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of white grubs and addresses how to control them as an insect in turf.

Disease Management in Cotton

By: Daisy Ahumada, Adrienne Gorny

This publication, chapter 9 of the 2024 Cotton Information handbook, covers disease management practices for cotton production.

Springtails

By: Steven Frank, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of springtails, an insect pest of lawns and turf and occasionally the home.

Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Inhibitors

By: Doug Goodale, Joe Neal, Katie Jennings Herbicide Injury Factsheets

This factsheet describes the symptoms of an ALS inhibitor herbicide injury.

Peachtree Borer

By: Jim Walgenbach

This publication describes the peachtree borer's life history, damage, and control.

Eastern Tent Caterpillar

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the Eastern tent caterpillar in North Carolina.

Weed Control Options for Strawberries on Plastic

By: Katie Jennings Horticulture Information Leaflets

Growing strawberries as an annual crop on black plastic requires a different weed management strategy than the perennial matted row strawberries. Weeds that have hard seed coats, such as vetch and clover, emerge for long periods of time can establish in the row. They emerge in late fall or spring, grow under the plastic for a period of time, and emerge from any holes in the plastic.

Stink Bug in Soybean

By: Dominic Reisig Soybean Insect Factsheets

This soybean insect factsheet describes the biology, damage, and control of stink bugs in soybeans in North Carolina.

Biological Control of Emerald Ash Borer in North Carolina

By: Ryan Bohannon, Kelly Oten Invasive Forest Pests

This factsheet describes biological control methods for protecting trees from damage caused by non-native emerald ash borers, including the release of parasitoid wasps that attack emerald ash borer eggs or larvae.

Insect Pests of Dogwood in North Carolina

By: Rebecca Eshleman, Kelly Oten

This fact sheet compiles common arthropod pests of dogwood trees (Cornaceae) in North Carolina. It contains brief descriptions with links to reputable and more thorough fact sheets.

Twolined Chestnut Borer

By: Ryan Bohannon, Kelly Oten

This fact sheet covers the identification, biology, impacts, and management of the twolined chestnut borer.

Muhlygrass Mealybug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the muhlygrass mealybug, Stemmatomerinx acircula, and provides residential management recommendations.

Redheaded Pine Sawfly

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the redheaded pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei, and provides residential management recommendations.

Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius, a woodpecker that may cause damage to woody plants.

Pine Engraver Beetles

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the eastern six-spined engraver, eastern five-spined engraver, and southern pine engraver— Ips calligraphus, Ips grandicollis, Ips avulsus.

Butternut Woollyworm

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the butternut woollyworm, Eriocampa juglandis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Native Elm Bark Beetle

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the native elm bark beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes, and provides residential management recommendations.

Spiny Witchhazel gall aphid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the spiny witchhazel gall aphid, Hamamelistes spinosus, and provides residential management recommendations.

Introducing Children to Insects in Childcare Center Gardens

By: Sam Marshall, Mary Archer, Lucy Bradley Local Foods: Childcare Center Production Gardens

This factsheet is a guide to introducing children to common garden insects in an early childcare setting. It includes age-appropriate activities for childcare providers to engage young children in identifying garden insects at all life stages.

Green Apple Aphid / Spirea Aphid

By: Jim Walgenbach

Green apple and spirea aphids - description, life history, damage, and control.

San Jose Scale

By: Jim Walgenbach

San Jose scale description, life history, damage, and control.

Tobacco - Calcium (Ca) Deficiency

By: Matthew Vann, Josh Henry, Paul Cockson, Brian Whipker Tobacco Nutrient Information

Calcium (Ca) is essential for proper plant development and leaf expansion. A calcium deficiency will first manifest in the youngest foliage because Ca is an immobile element within the plant. As calcium deficiency progresses, the developmental damages will also advance. The integral role of Ca in leaf development makes its early diagnosis vital to tobacco production.

Springtails in Turf

By: Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of springtails and addresses how to control them as an insect in turf.

Suggestions for Growth Regulator Use

By: Keith Edmisten, Guy Collins

This publication, chapter 8 of the 2024 Cotton Information handbook, discusses considerations for using growth regulators in cotton production.

Fertilization

By: Luke Gatiboni, David H. Hardy

This publication, chapter 7 of the 2024 Cotton Information handbook, provides information about fertilization for cotton crops.

Cotton Seed Quality and Planting Decisions

By: Keith Edmisten, Guy Collins

This publication, chapter 6 of the 2024 Cotton Information handbook, discusses the role of seed quality in making planting decisions for cotton production.

Fire Ants in Strawberries

By: Hannah Burrack

This factsheet provides information on the red imported fire ant and its impact on North Carolina strawberries.

Silverleaf Whitefly

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This Entomology Insect Note describes the biology and control of the silverleaf whitefly, an insect pest of ornamentals and vegetables grown in commercial greenhouses.

Geotrichum Sour Rot of Sweetpotato

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo, Madison Stahr Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This factsheet discusses the identification and management of geotrichum sour rot of sweetpotato.

Management of Palmer Amaranth in Sweetpotato

By: Stephen C. Smith, Katie Jennings

Palmer amaranth is the most common and most troublesome weed in North Carolina sweetpotato. This publication discusses Palmer amaranth identification, reproduction and growth habit, impacts on sweetpotato yield and quality, and weed management options.

Pests of Holly

By: James Baker, Cathy C. Carter, Kelly F. Horn, Daniel Kline, John Scott, Howard Singletary, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the publication Insect and Related Pests of Shrubs publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests in holly.

Kudzu Bug

By: Dominic Reisig Soybean Insect Factsheets

This soybean insect factsheet describes the biology, damage, and control of the kudzu bug, a pest of soybeans in North Carolina.

Asian Soybean Rust

By: Yara Rosado Rivera, Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

Although uncommonly observed in North Carolina, soybean rust can be a yield limiting disease for soybeans. Proper identification is important to developing a management strategy.

Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus

By: Sarah Cochran, Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

This factsheet offers information on the signs, disease cycle, and management of soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV), an occasional foliar problem in soybean in North Carolina.

Lilac Borer \ Ash Clearwing Borer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the adult lilac borer, Podosesia syringae, and provides residential management recommendations.

Walnut Caterpillar

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the walnut caterpillar, Datana integerrima, and provides residential management recommendations.

Privet Mite

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology and management of the privet mite, Brevipalpus obovatus, and provides residential management recommendations.

Elm Sawfly

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the elm sawfly caterpillar, Cimbex americana, and provides residential management recommendations.

Elm Leafminer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the elm leafminer sawfly, Kaliofenusa ulmi or Fenusa ulmi, and provides residential management recommendations.

Shining Flower Beetles

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the shining flower beetles, of the family Phalacridae.

Snowy Planthopper

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the snowy planthopper, Flatormenis proxima, and provides residential management recommendations.

Eyed Elator

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the eyed elator, Alaus oculatus, a very large click beetle that is harmless to people and plants.

Ailanthus Webworm

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the ailanthus webworm, Atteva aurea, and provides residential management recommendations.

Juniper Scale Insect

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the juniper scale insect, Carulaspis juniperi, and provides residential management recommendations.

Obliquebanded Leafroller

By: Jim Walgenbach

Obliquebanded leafroller description, life history, damage, and control.

Tobacco - Phosphorus (P) Deficiency

By: Matthew Vann, Josh Henry, Paul Cockson, Brian Whipker Tobacco Nutrient Information

Phosphorus (P) deficiency in tobacco begins as a noticeable stunting when compared to a plant with a sufficient supply of P. Additionally, a P deficient tobacco plant may develop a darker green coloration of the upper foliage. Lower leaves will become chlorotic with a mottling of olive green leaf spots. The initial symptoms appearing on the lower foliage may be attributed to the fact that P is mobile within plant tissues and is translocated from these older leaves to the young developing tissues under periods of low P.

Cotton Production with Conservation Tillage

By: Keith Edmisten, Guy Collins, Rachel Vann

This publication, chapter 13 of the 2024 Cotton Information handbook, covers the role of conservation tillage as it relates to cotton production.

March Flies

By: Steven Frank, James Baker, Stephen Bambara Entomology Insect Notes

This entomology insect note describes the biology and control of march flies, insect pests of ornamental and fruit crops.

Potato Leafhopper

By: Jim Walgenbach

Potato leafhopper description, life history, damage, and control.

Landscape Management Calendar

By: Barbara Fair, Steven Frank, Matt Martin, Grady Miller, Joe Neal

This poster-sized landscape management calendar is a guide to keeping your landscape healthy with sound management practices. It discusses proper establishment and maintenance practices as well as monitoring and targeted treatment of pests.

Privet Rust Mite

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the privet rust mite, Aculus ligustri, and provides residential management recommendations.

Banded Sphinx

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the banded sphinx moth or lesser vine sphinx, Eumorpha fasciatus, and provides residential management recommendations.

Azalea Bark Scale

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the azalea bark scale, Eriococcus azaleae, and provides residential management recommendations.

Pine Spittlebug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of pine spittlebugs, Aphrophora parallela, and provides residential management recommendations.

Hyperaspis Lady Beetles

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Hyperaspis lady beetle, which feeds on the egg masses of scale insects.

Sycamore Lace Bug

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of sycamore lace bugs, which feed on the lower leaf surface of sycamore and cause yellow or pale spots to appear on the upper leaf surface.

Phlox Plant Bug and Other Lopidea Plant Bugs

By: James Baker, Bob Blinn PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the phlox plant bug, Lopidea davisi, and provides residential management recommendations.

Chilli Thrips

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis, and provides residential management recommendations.

Australian Cockroach in Interiorscapes

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Australian cockroach, also known as a waterbug and the shad roach, Periplaneta australasiae.

Keeled Treehopper

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Keeled treehopper, Entylia carinata.

Larger Canna Leafroller

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the larger canna leafroller, Calpodes ethlius, and provides residential management recommendations.

Redheaded Ash Borer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the redheaded ash borer, Neoclytus acuminatus, and provides residential management recommendations.

Manejo del Coquillo Amarillo en el Cultivo de Camote

By: Shawn C. Beam, Katie M. Jennings

El coquillo amarillo (Cyperus esculentus) es la segunda maleza más problemática después del amaranto Palmer (Amaranthus palmerii) y la tercera maleza más frecuente en el cultivo de camote en Carolina del Norte después del amaranto y la maleza alfombra (Mollugo verticillata).

Plan Before You Plant

By: Joe Neal Weed Facts

Supplemental hand weeding accounts for the majority of landscape bed maintenance costs. When used exclusively, it can cost 10 to 100 times as much as an effective herbicide or mulching program. However, many of the costly and unsightly weed problems can be avoided or at least minimized with a little planning. Developing a landscape weed management plan involves five basic steps.

Balsam Twig Aphid on Fraser Fir

By: Jill Sidebottom Christmas Tree Notes

This publication describes the life cycle, scouting and treatment of the balsam twig aphid, a small, pale green aphid that feeds on fir trees in the spring.

Measuring Impervious Surface Cover with the Pace to Plant Technique

By: Steven Frank, Adam Dale, Elsa Youngsteadt

Impervious surface cover increases tree stress and reduces tree condition. We developed an impervious surface threshold to help tree care professionals select planting sites where red maples will thrive. In this publication we describe how to estimate impervious surface cover, on site, with the Pace to Plant technique.

Arthropod Pest Control

By: Joe Neal, Juang-Horng Chong, Bill Klingeman, Frank Hale, Adam Dale, Steven Frank

Healthy plants are important components of urban landscapes. These plants, however, are subjected to attacks by a myriad of pests while they are being grown in a nursery or maintained in a landscape. The ultimate goal of a successful ornamental plant pest management program is to improve the quality of plants (nurseries and greenhouses) and plant care services (landscape care operations) while minimizing pesticide use and the negative impacts of pesticide use to the environment, workers, clients, and other non-target organisms. To do so, ornamental plant growers and landscape care professionals have to understand the basic operating principles of integrated pest management, or IPM. The results of IPM can be spectacularly effective when well designed and executed.

Crickets in Strawberries

By: Hannah Burrack

This factsheet provides information on crickets and their impact on North Carolina strawberries.

Bugs Found on Flowers and Foliage

This factsheet, part of Insect and Related Pests of Flowers and Foliage Plants, discusses identifying different bugs in commercial garden and plant production.

Nematodes in Turf

By: Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of nematodes and addresses how to control them in turf.

Voles in Turf

By: Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of voles and addresses how to control them in turf.

Comstock Mealybug

By: Jim Walgenbach

Comstock mealybug description, life history, damage, and control.

Pests of Camellia

By: James Baker, Cathy C. Carter, Kelly F. Horn, Daniel Kline, John Scott, Howard Singletary, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the publication Insect and Related Pests of Shrubs publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests in camellia.

Pests of Crape Myrtle

By: James Baker, Cathy C. Carter, Kelly F. Horn, Daniel Kline, John Scott, Howard Singletary, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the publication Insect and Related Pests of Shrubs publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests in crape myrtle.

Pests of Lilac

By: James Baker, Cathy C. Carter, Kelly F. Horn, Daniel Kline, John Scott, Howard Singletary, David Stephan

This factsheet, part of the publication Insect and Related Pests of Shrubs publication, includes an identification key and descriptions of pests in lilac.

Soybean Powdery Mildew

By: Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

Powdery mildew is a common foliar disease caused by a fungus. The causal agent of soybean powdery mildew is host limited to beans. This factsheet describes soybean powdery mildew and its management in soybeans.

Soybean Mosaic Virus

By: Raymond Garcia Rodriguez, Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most prevalent and destructive viral pathogens of soybean worldwide. This soybean disease factsheet discusses the range, symptoms, disease cycle, and management of the virus in soybean production in North Carolina.

Aerial Web Blight

By: Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

This soybean disease factsheet covers aerial web blight, a generally minor disease of soybean in North Carolina.

ALS-Inhibiting Herbicide Injury on Soybean

By: Wesley Everman, Eric Jones

This factsheet discusses ALS-inhibiting herbicide injury on soybean.

Fusarium Wilt of Blackberry

By: Bill Cline, Sara Villani Plant Disease Factsheets

Fusarium wilt is an emerging disease of blackberry in commercial plantings in southeastern North Carolina. This factsheet covers symptoms, signs, and best management practices for Fusarium wilt of blackberry.

Juniper Webworm

By: Steven Frank, James Baker Entomology Insect Notes

This factsheet describes the biology of the juniper webworm, Dichomeris marginella, and provides residential management recommendations.

Woolly Apple Aphid on Ornamentals

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum, and provides residential management recommendations.

Pine Witches' Broom Mite

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the pine witches' broom mite, Trisetacus floridanus, and provides residential management recommendations.

Maple Bladdergall Mite

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the maple bladder gall mite, Vasates quadripedes, and provides residential management recommendations.

Skiff Caterpillar

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the skiff caterpillar, Prolimacodes badia, and provides residential management recommendations.

Raspberry Cane Borer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the raspberry cane borer, Oberea bimaculata, and provides residential management recommendations.

Hickory Spiral Borer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the hickory spiral borer, Agrilus torquatus., and provides residential management recommendations.

Yellow Scale Insect

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the yellow scale insect, Aonidiella citrina, and provides residential management recommendations.

Persimmon Psyllid

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the Persimmon psyllid or persimmon psylla, Baeoalitriozus diospyri or Trioza diospyri, and provides residential management recommendations.

Poinsettia Thrips

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the poinsettia thrip, Echinothrips americanus, and provides residential management instructions.

Mimosa Webworm

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the mimosa webworm, Homadaula anisocentra, and provides residential management recommendations.

American Serpentine Leafminer

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of the American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii, and provides residential management recommendations.

Rosette Bud Mite on Fraser Fir

By: Jill Sidebottom, Jamie Bookwalter Christmas Tree Notes

This publication describes the control of the rosette bud mite, a mite that destroys the buds of Fraser firs resulting in holes in the canopy, flat sides, weak bottoms and uneven and/or light density.

Claycolored Leaf Beetle

By: James Baker PDIC Factsheets

This factsheet describes the biology of claycolored leaf beetles, a sporadic pest in the landscape.

Sap Beetles in Strawberries

By: Hannah Burrack, Aurora Toennisson

This factsheet describes sap beetles and their impact on North Carolina strawberries.

Moles in Turf

By: Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of moles and addresses how to control them in turf.

Sprayer Calibration

By: Charlie W. Cahoon, Alan York

This publication, chapter 14 of the 2024 Cotton Information handbook, provides information on sprayer calibration for applying chemicals in cotton production.

Sugarcane Beetle in Strawberries

By: Hannah Burrack

This factsheet provides information on the sugarcane beetle and its impact on North Carolina strawberries.

Nuisance Ants in Turf

By: Terri Billeisen, Rick Brandenburg TurfFiles

This factsheet summarizes the characteristics of nuisance ants and addresses how to control them as an insect in turf.

Southern Blight of Sweetpotato

By: Lina Quesada-Ocampo, Madison Stahr Vegetable Pathology Factsheets

This factsheet discusses the identification and management of southern blight of sweetpotato.

Brown Spot of Soybean

By: Andrew Ernst, Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

Brown spot is a common pathogen in soybeans in North Carolina. Symptoms from brown spot may be confused with other leaf spot pathogens, and accurate diagnosis is important for management decisions.

Phytopthora Root and Stem Rot of Soybean

By: Yara Rosado Rivera, Lindsey Thiessen Soybean Disease Information

Phytophthora root and stem rot is a common pathogen in North Carolina due to our frequent wet weather. This factsheet describes the symptoms and management of the disease in soybean production.